lecture 4: blindness Flashcards
do you have to be totally blind to be considered as visually impaired
no
acuity means what (1 word)
sharpness
visual field is what
peripheral
what is a normal visual field
180
to be considered legally blind you need to have both bad acuity and low visual field
false, you need only 1
what are the conditions to be considered legally blind
20/200 or less with best correction (10% acuity)
OR
visual field less than 10% (tunnel vision)
what is the defintion of total blindness
inability to reconize a strong light shown directly into the eye
what are the percentages of those who have resdiels vs total ly blind
80% residual (20$ totally blind)
what are the 3 sport classifcatiosns according to the international blind sports federation
b1. b2. b3
what is the genreal defntion of B1
from total blindness to ver low residual vision
what is the general defintion of b2
low residual vision
what is the general defintion of b3
better residual vision
explain b1
No light perception in either eye up to light perception and inability to recognize the shape of a hand in any direction and at any distance
-Do sports like swimming, judo and wrestling independently. Track event with a guide
which classification has no light perception to light pecentipn in either eye
b1
inabibility to recognize the shape pf the hand in any direction at any distance is asscoated to what classficaiton
b1
what type of sports to b1 classication do independantly
swimming, judo and wrestling independantly
can b1 atheltes do track events?
yes with a guide
explain b2 classification
Ability to recognize the shape of a hand up to a visual acuity of 2/60 and/or a limitation of field of vision of 5◦
-Can do many activities independently with the sunlight / bright indoor light
which classifcation has the abikity to reconigze shape of hand up to a visual acuity of 2/60 and or limiation of field of visionn 5 degrees
b2
what type of sports activities can b2 do
-Can do many activities independently with the sunlight / bright indoor light
b3 has what vision
2/60 To 6/60 (20/200) vision and/or field of vision between 5 and 20◦
what sports do b3 do
Do not use guides for most activities (except high-risk activities; ex: rock climbing, downhill skiing etc.)
true or false: b3 need guides for most activities
false (except for high risk)
at the paralympics where does the guide go
at the back
in recreational skiing, 99% of blind people are guided from the
back
in ski racing, where is the guide
in the front
how many people in quebec are legally blind
8000 (and going up since age is going up)
50% of those who are legally blind are over what age
65
10% of thsoe in quebec who are legally blind are under what age
20 eyears
what are the realisties of vision loss
Only 1/3 of adults with vision loss are employed
3 X more likely to experience depression
Greater risk of social isolation
what percentage of adults with visual lost are employed
1/3
true or false: those who are vision loss are 3x more liekly to expereince depression
true
those with vision loss are more at risk of what
social isolation
what are the 5 causes of blindness
Diabetic retinopathy Cataracts Glaucoma Macular degeneration Retinal detachment
what do retina cells do
convert light into neural impulses
what is the macula repsonsible for and give example
central vision
ex: reading
explain the blood vessels in the eye
blood vessels supply nutrients to eye structures (including retina cells)
what is the leading cause of blindness between ages of 20-65
diabetic retinopathy
what is Complication of diabetes and leading cause of blindness.
diabetes retinopathy
how does diabietic retinopathy occur
It occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels inside the retina. (damages = not reversible)
true or false: diabetic retinophathy is rversible
FALSE, the damages are permanent
cataracts is the most common in
senior citizins
what is a cataract
a clouding of the natural lens, the part of the eye responsible for focusing light and producing clear, sharp images
what is the lens and what is it resposible for
the part of the eye responsible for focusing light and producing clear, sharp images
explain glaucoma
This disease increases the fluid pressure inside the eye, leading to loss of side vision and eventually total blindness.
The increased pressure destroys the optic nerve.
which condition icnrases pressure in the eye
glaucoma
what disease is a clouding of the lens
cataracts
what disase is assocaited with damaging the tiny blood vessels in the retina
diabetic retinopatthy
what type of exercises should you avoid with glaucoma and why
isometric execises
contacting msucles nbut no movement with means a lot of pressure gets built up
what is the first thing you lose for glaucoma
lose perpheral first then total blindness
what is macular degeneration
is the gradual loss of vision caused by the degeneration of the macula, which is a small, circular membrane at the center of the retina (role = detailed central vision)
what is the macula
which is a small, circular membrane at the center of the retina (role = detailed central vision)
which condition is assocaited with is the gradual loss of vision caused by the degeneration of the macula,
macular degeneration
what is the indiciendce percentage of macular degenerationn
occurs in 10% of individuals aged 66-74
true or false: in macular degenration only the perepheral is affectd
false, central is only affected
what is retinal detachment assocaited withn(caused by)
is associated with a tear or a hole in the retina of the eye.
what is retinal detachement caused by
injuries or diabetic retinpahoty
can you fix retinal detachment from an injury
yes
can you fix retinal detachemnt from diabetic retinphay
no becaus cells are dead
true or false: when talking to a blind person you should talk louder
fales, they are not deaf
true or flase: never grab a blind persons arm
true, but permit them to take your arm
what pace do you wlak at when guiding (slow, same, or faster)
normal pace
when giving directions to a blind what should yuou remeber
dont point or say over there
true or false: describe the surrondeings
true
is it okay to pet a guide dog without permission
no , Never distract or feed a dog guiding a blind or visually impaired person
According to the guidelines seen in the document ‘A Way with Words and Images’, in walking and talking, you should:
follow their pace (let the person set the pace)
what is imporatnt in terms of light for exercise
need good lighting for b2 and b3
what is imporatnt in terms of colours in sports
color contrast and brihgt colpours (especially in team sports) for easier recognitionn
true or false; you should elimatnate noise in exercise for blind
yes (ex: goal ball, brrp baseball
what are some recommeded acitives for exercise for blind
Wrestling, tumbling, gymnastics, bowling, swimming, weight training, judo, dart throwing, dance, roller skating, ice skating, shuffleboard, horseback riding, tandem cycling, hiking, camping, fishing, rowing, water-skiing, surfing
how can a non sighted person play bowling or dart throughwing, which sense would they rely on
proprioception
what does lack of regular vig activity cause
predisposes VI children and adolescents to future hypokinetic diseases (hypertension, CAD, etc.)
blind kids met normal standards
false, many were below stNDARDS
what are the effects of excerise training on blind
↑ cardiovascular fitness + ↓ obesity
↑ balance skills + ↑ spatial orientation
↑ self-image + ↑ confidence
how can you icnrease spacial ortientation
Practice walking a straight line
Practice walking different floor patterns
Take a short walk and find the way back
Following instructions, try to make ¼, ½, ¾, and full turns
what is the required equioment for goal ball
bell ball
how many players per team in goal ball
3 players per team
what is the personal equuipment of goal boal
helmets, knee , elbow pads and blindfolds
why do they need to wear blindfold in goal ball
to elimate residual vision
is the ball allowed to bonunce in goal ball
Ball may bounce, but must be rolling before it reaches the opponents throwing area or it becomes an infraction
what body positions can you stop the ball with in goal ball
standing, kneeling, lying postion to stop the ball
what type of ball.do they use in beep baseball
regulation softball with battery sound device
what are the bases in beep baseball
48 inches tall with electronic bizzer in each
true or false: the bases in beep baseball dont have a sound
fakse
what are the members of the team in beep basemball
A team has 6 blindfolded players and 2 sighted players who act as pitcher and catcher and as spotter
what is fair ball i nbeep baseball
Fair ball – umpire designates which one of the two buzzing bases shall be activated
how do the umpires decide which base to go to
the base with less people (prevent collisions)
how do you get a point in beep basebal l
get to base before tthe ball is catched
true or false: in beep baseball you need to through the ballto the base
no , jsut need to cattch it
how is a run scored in beep baseball
Run is scored if the batter gets to the designated base before the ball is fielded
the spotters in beep baseball are blind or signted
sighted
true or false: the spotters are allowed to catch
false they can only guide
what are the two tyes of retina cells
cones and rods
what does the increase in fluid pressure inside the eye destroys
optic nerve
during exercise, what type of verbal insrtuctuin is needed
precise verbal intruction (state your name)
true or false: sighnt is not required for many sports
true
in the study for VI vs fitness level, who were the particapnts
results from 20 children with VI aged from 4-18
what was the lcoation of teh VI vs fitness lveel study
montreal association for the blind
for the VI vs fitness level study, what was the baseline PA for the participants
subjects were attending 2 30 minute periods of PA per week (ie: yoga, callistenings, locomor acvtiyies)
what was the results for body fat in the VI vs fitness level study
most kids who were blind has an excess amount of body fat in caomparison to normal values
what was the results for grip strength in the VI vs fitness level study
those with VI were not able to have a lot of grip strength
=most fell below the normal grip strength values
what was the results for max o2 consumption in the VI vs fitness level study
none of the participants were able to reach the averae value of 45ml;kg for oxygen consumption
=lower max ocygen consumption
what was the results for heart rate in the VI vs fitness level study
Subjects were consistently unable to attain the age predicted maximal heart rate (220-age)
