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KCEP 210 > lecture 4: blindness > Flashcards

lecture 4: blindness Flashcards

1
Q

do you have to be totally blind to be considered as visually impaired

A

no

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2
Q

acuity means what (1 word)

A

sharpness

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3
Q

visual field is what

A

peripheral

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4
Q

what is a normal visual field

A

180

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5
Q

to be considered legally blind you need to have both bad acuity and low visual field

A

false, you need only 1

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6
Q

what are the conditions to be considered legally blind

A

20/200 or less with best correction (10% acuity)

OR

visual field less than 10% (tunnel vision)

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7
Q

what is the defintion of total blindness

A

inability to reconize a strong light shown directly into the eye

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8
Q

what are the percentages of those who have resdiels vs total ly blind

A

80% residual (20$ totally blind)

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9
Q

what are the 3 sport classifcatiosns according to the international blind sports federation

A

b1. b2. b3

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10
Q

what is the genreal defntion of B1

A

from total blindness to ver low residual vision

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11
Q

what is the general defintion of b2

A

low residual vision

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12
Q

what is the general defintion of b3

A

better residual vision

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13
Q

explain b1

A

No light perception in either eye up to light perception and inability to recognize the shape of a hand in any direction and at any distance
-Do sports like swimming, judo and wrestling independently. Track event with a guide

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14
Q

which classification has no light perception to light pecentipn in either eye

A

b1

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15
Q

inabibility to recognize the shape pf the hand in any direction at any distance is asscoated to what classficaiton

A

b1

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16
Q

what type of sports to b1 classication do independantly

A

swimming, judo and wrestling independantly

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17
Q

can b1 atheltes do track events?

A

yes with a guide

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18
Q

explain b2 classification

A

Ability to recognize the shape of a hand up to a visual acuity of 2/60 and/or a limitation of field of vision of 5◦

-Can do many activities independently with the sunlight / bright indoor light

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19
Q

which classifcation has the abikity to reconigze shape of hand up to a visual acuity of 2/60 and or limiation of field of visionn 5 degrees

A

b2

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20
Q

what type of sports activities can b2 do

A

-Can do many activities independently with the sunlight / bright indoor light

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21
Q

b3 has what vision

A

2/60 To 6/60 (20/200) vision and/or field of vision between 5 and 20◦

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22
Q

what sports do b3 do

A

Do not use guides for most activities (except high-risk activities; ex: rock climbing, downhill skiing etc.)

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23
Q

true or false: b3 need guides for most activities

A

false (except for high risk)

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24
Q

at the paralympics where does the guide go

A

at the back

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25
Q

in recreational skiing, 99% of blind people are guided from the

A

back

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26
Q

in ski racing, where is the guide

A

in the front

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27
Q

how many people in quebec are legally blind

A

8000 (and going up since age is going up)

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28
Q

50% of those who are legally blind are over what age

A

65

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29
Q

10% of thsoe in quebec who are legally blind are under what age

A

20 eyears

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30
Q

what are the realisties of vision loss

A

Only 1/3 of adults with vision loss are employed
3 X more likely to experience depression
Greater risk of social isolation

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31
Q

what percentage of adults with visual lost are employed

A

1/3

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32
Q

true or false: those who are vision loss are 3x more liekly to expereince depression

A

true

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33
Q

those with vision loss are more at risk of what

A

social isolation

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34
Q

what are the 5 causes of blindness

A 
Diabetic retinopathy
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Macular degeneration
Retinal detachment
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35
Q

what do retina cells do

A

convert light into neural impulses

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36
Q

what is the macula repsonsible for and give example

A

central vision

ex: reading

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37
Q

explain the blood vessels in the eye

A

blood vessels supply nutrients to eye structures (including retina cells)

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38
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness between ages of 20-65

A

diabetic retinopathy

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39
Q

what is Complication of diabetes and leading cause of blindness.

A

diabetes retinopathy

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40
Q

how does diabietic retinopathy occur

A

It occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels inside the retina. (damages = not reversible)

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41
Q

true or false: diabetic retinophathy is rversible

A

FALSE, the damages are permanent

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42
Q

cataracts is the most common in

A

senior citizins

43
Q

what is a cataract

A

a clouding of the natural lens, the part of the eye responsible for focusing light and producing clear, sharp images

44
Q

what is the lens and what is it resposible for

A

the part of the eye responsible for focusing light and producing clear, sharp images

45
Q

explain glaucoma

A

This disease increases the fluid pressure inside the eye, leading to loss of side vision and eventually total blindness.
The increased pressure destroys the optic nerve.

46
Q

which condition icnrases pressure in the eye

A

glaucoma

47
Q

what disease is a clouding of the lens

A

cataracts

48
Q

what disase is assocaited with damaging the tiny blood vessels in the retina

A

diabetic retinopatthy

49
Q

what type of exercises should you avoid with glaucoma and why

A

isometric execises

contacting msucles nbut no movement with means a lot of pressure gets built up

50
Q

what is the first thing you lose for glaucoma

A

lose perpheral first then total blindness

51
Q

what is macular degeneration

A

is the gradual loss of vision caused by the degeneration of the macula, which is a small, circular membrane at the center of the retina (role = detailed central vision)

52
Q

what is the macula

A

which is a small, circular membrane at the center of the retina (role = detailed central vision)

53
Q

which condition is assocaited with is the gradual loss of vision caused by the degeneration of the macula,

A

macular degeneration

54
Q

what is the indiciendce percentage of macular degenerationn

A

occurs in 10% of individuals aged 66-74

55
Q

true or false: in macular degenration only the perepheral is affectd

A

false, central is only affected

56
Q

what is retinal detachment assocaited withn(caused by)

A

is associated with a tear or a hole in the retina of the eye.

57
Q

what is retinal detachement caused by

A

injuries or diabetic retinpahoty

58
Q

can you fix retinal detachment from an injury

A

yes

59
Q

can you fix retinal detachemnt from diabetic retinphay

A

no becaus cells are dead

60
Q

true or false: when talking to a blind person you should talk louder

A

fales, they are not deaf

61
Q

true or flase: never grab a blind persons arm

A

true, but permit them to take your arm

62
Q

what pace do you wlak at when guiding (slow, same, or faster)

A

normal pace

63
Q

when giving directions to a blind what should yuou remeber

A

dont point or say over there

64
Q

true or false: describe the surrondeings

A

true

65
Q

is it okay to pet a guide dog without permission

A

no , Never distract or feed a dog guiding a blind or visually impaired person

66
Q

According to the guidelines seen in the document ‘A Way with Words and Images’, in walking and talking, you should:

A

follow their pace (let the person set the pace)

67
Q

what is imporatnt in terms of light for exercise

A

need good lighting for b2 and b3

68
Q

what is imporatnt in terms of colours in sports

A

color contrast and brihgt colpours (especially in team sports) for easier recognitionn

69
Q

true or false; you should elimatnate noise in exercise for blind

A

yes (ex: goal ball, brrp baseball

70
Q

what are some recommeded acitives for exercise for blind

A

Wrestling, tumbling, gymnastics, bowling, swimming, weight training, judo, dart throwing, dance, roller skating, ice skating, shuffleboard, horseback riding, tandem cycling, hiking, camping, fishing, rowing, water-skiing, surfing

71
Q

how can a non sighted person play bowling or dart throughwing, which sense would they rely on

A

proprioception

72
Q

what does lack of regular vig activity cause

A

predisposes VI children and adolescents to future hypokinetic diseases (hypertension, CAD, etc.)

73
Q

blind kids met normal standards

A

false, many were below stNDARDS

74
Q

what are the effects of excerise training on blind

A

↑ cardiovascular fitness + ↓ obesity
↑ balance skills + ↑ spatial orientation
↑ self-image + ↑ confidence

75
Q

how can you icnrease spacial ortientation

A

Practice walking a straight line
Practice walking different floor patterns
Take a short walk and find the way back
Following instructions, try to make ¼, ½, ¾, and full turns

76
Q

what is the required equioment for goal ball

A

bell ball

77
Q

how many players per team in goal ball

A

3 players per team

78
Q

what is the personal equuipment of goal boal

A

helmets, knee , elbow pads and blindfolds

79
Q

why do they need to wear blindfold in goal ball

A

to elimate residual vision

80
Q

is the ball allowed to bonunce in goal ball

A

Ball may bounce, but must be rolling before it reaches the opponents throwing area or it becomes an infraction

81
Q

what body positions can you stop the ball with in goal ball

A

standing, kneeling, lying postion to stop the ball

82
Q

what type of ball.do they use in beep baseball

A

regulation softball with battery sound device

83
Q

what are the bases in beep baseball

A

48 inches tall with electronic bizzer in each

84
Q

true or false: the bases in beep baseball dont have a sound

A

fakse

85
Q

what are the members of the team in beep basemball

A

A team has 6 blindfolded players and 2 sighted players who act as pitcher and catcher and as spotter

86
Q

what is fair ball i nbeep baseball

A

Fair ball – umpire designates which one of the two buzzing bases shall be activated

87
Q

how do the umpires decide which base to go to

A

the base with less people (prevent collisions)

88
Q

how do you get a point in beep basebal l

A

get to base before tthe ball is catched

89
Q

true or false: in beep baseball you need to through the ballto the base

A

no , jsut need to cattch it

90
Q

how is a run scored in beep baseball

A

Run is scored if the batter gets to the designated base before the ball is fielded

91
Q

the spotters in beep baseball are blind or signted

A

sighted

92
Q

true or false: the spotters are allowed to catch

A

false they can only guide

93
Q

what are the two tyes of retina cells

A

cones and rods

94
Q

what does the increase in fluid pressure inside the eye destroys

A

optic nerve

95
Q

during exercise, what type of verbal insrtuctuin is needed

A

precise verbal intruction (state your name)

96
Q

true or false: sighnt is not required for many sports

A

true

97
Q

in the study for VI vs fitness level, who were the particapnts

A

results from 20 children with VI aged from 4-18

98
Q

what was the lcoation of teh VI vs fitness lveel study

A

montreal association for the blind

99
Q

for the VI vs fitness level study, what was the baseline PA for the participants

A

subjects were attending 2 30 minute periods of PA per week (ie: yoga, callistenings, locomor acvtiyies)

100
Q

what was the results for body fat in the VI vs fitness level study

A

most kids who were blind has an excess amount of body fat in caomparison to normal values

101
Q

what was the results for grip strength in the VI vs fitness level study

A

those with VI were not able to have a lot of grip strength

=most fell below the normal grip strength values

102
Q

what was the results for max o2 consumption in the VI vs fitness level study

A

none of the participants were able to reach the averae value of 45ml;kg for oxygen consumption
=lower max ocygen consumption

103
Q

what was the results for heart rate in the VI vs fitness level study

A

Subjects were consistently unable to attain the age predicted maximal heart rate (220-age)

KCEP 210 (14 decks)

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