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KCEP 210 > lecture 10: Multiple sclerosis > Flashcards

lecture 10: Multiple sclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the systems that are involved in MS

A

neurological

immune

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2
Q

at what age does MS usually arise

A

20-40 years old

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3
Q

is MS curable

A

no

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4
Q

who is the faculty member who works with MS

A

Dr Peter Darlington

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5
Q

what is MS

A

MS is a chronic, progressive disease
that leads to increasing disability in
most individuals

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6
Q

what does the “multiple” mean in MS

A

Many scattered areas of the

brain and spinal cord are affected

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7
Q

what does the “sclerosis” mean in MS

A

Sclerosed’ or hardened

tissue in damaged areas

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8
Q

what does the immunite system attack in MS and what does that cause

A

Immune system attacks the myelin
sheath causing communication
problems between the brain and the
rest of the body

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9
Q

true or false: MS cannot be hleped by meds

A

false

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10
Q

how can meds help for MS

A

1) speed recovery from attacks
2. modify the course of the disease
and symptoms

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11
Q

true or false: MS lesion can affet the brain and or the brain step

A

true

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12
Q

IN MS what happens to the myelin in nthe CNS

A

it becomes detached and destroyed

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13
Q

when the myelin sheat gets dettached and destroyed what does that create

A

this creates a lesion that may cause numbeness or tingling in parts of the body

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14
Q

true or false: MS has no loss of motor control

A

false it does

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15
Q

what is the most common CNS disease among young adults in canada

A

multiple sclerosis

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16
Q

true or false: mostly young adutls are most likelyr to get MS (during their productive years)

A

true

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17
Q

how many canadians have MS

A

55k-75k

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18
Q

how many people per 100 000 people have MS

A

166

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19
Q

what is the average age of clinical onest of MS

A

30-33

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20
Q

Avg age of clinical onset is 30–33 years of age…but the avg age of
diagnosis is 37… why is there such a delay

A

because

1) symptoms come and go
2) MS gets mixed up with other conditions
3) symtpoms may vary person to person

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21
Q

in 1936 only BLANK survived beyong 20 years after onset of illness

A

8%

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22
Q

In 1936, only 8% of patients were reported to survive beyond 20 years
after onset of illness… but a patient can now expect to live the average
population life-expectancy minus seven years… why such a change

A

better treatment and drugs
better knownldege
and MAYBE better nutirition

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23
Q

true or false: the cause of MS is known

A

false, its unknown

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24
Q

MS is consdirec a BLANK disease and what does that mean

A

autoimmune disease where the body attacks its only tissues by mistake

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25
what cells are responsible for destroying myeline sheate
T cells and monocytes
26
what are the factors that increase the risk of developping MS
``` age sex fam history infections climate certrain autoimmune diseases smoking race ```
27
MS ca occur at any age but mos tcommon affects what age
20-40
28
what gender is 2x more likely to develop MS
women
29
if one of ur parents or siblings has MS you are at higher or lower risk of developping iti
higher
30
what are some viruses that have been linked to MS
EPstein barr (That gives mono)
31
MS is more common in what type of climates
more common in countries with temperate climates (like canada eurpoe)
32
you have a slightly higher risk of dev MS if you have what autoimmune disease
thyroid disease type 1 dibates inflammatory bowel disease
33
true or false: smokers are more likely to develop a second event that confirms relaptsiting remitting MS
true
34
what race is at higher risk of MS
white people
35
do inuit populations get nire if less MS cases
less
36
what is the incicdece of inuit populationsn and MS
19 per 100000
37
what is the incidence of MS on scottinng poplation
200 per 100 000
38
what is the ration of white to non white people who get MS
2:1
39
true or false: the symptoms of MS are the same for everyone
May differ greatly from person to person and over the course of the disease depending on the MS type and location of the lesions within the nervous system:
40
if you have an optic nerve lesion what are the signs and symptoms
blurred vision
41
if you have a branstem lesion what are the signs and symptoms
dizzinesss AND MAYBE double vision
42
if you have a cerebellum and cerebrum lesion what are the signs and symptoms
balance problems, sppech problems, uncoordinated movements and tremors
43
if you have a motor nerve tract lesion what are the signs and symptoms
muscle weakness, spasticity paralysis, bladder and bowel impairments
44
if you have a sensory nerve tract lesion what are the signs and symptoms
altered sensation, numbness, pricking, and burning sensation
45
what lesion causes blurred vision
optic nerve lesion
46
what lesion causes dizziness and may cause double vision
brainstem
47
what lesion causes balance problems, speech problems, uncoordinated movements and tremors
cerebellum and cerebrum
48
what lesion causes muscle weakness, spasticity paralysis, | bladder and bowel impairments
motor nerve tract lesion
49
what lesion causes altered sensation, numbness, prickling, | and burning sensations
sensory nerve tract lesion
50
what symtpom is common in 78% of all patients
fatigue
51
fatigue is common in what percentage of patients with MS
78
52
what are the 2 mojor symtpsoms of MS
fatigue | tremor, lack of coordinationn, unstead gait
53
when there is a MS flare up what happens to the myelin
it becomes inflammed
54
if there is scar formation after the myelin sheath becomes inflammed, what happens
permentant myelin damage and loss of function
55
if there is no scar formation after the myelin sheath becomes inflammed, what happens
complete recoverey and no loss of funciton
56
what can disease modifying therapies help with.
decrease the severity and help against he frequency of relatpses
57
MS classification is based on what two things
1) rate of disease progression | 2) frequence of flare ups
58
what are the 4 types of MS
``` relapsing/remitting MS (RRMS) Secondary progressive MS (SPMS) Primary progressive MS (PPMS) Progressive relapsing MS (PRMS) ```
59
what is the most common type of MS
relapsing/remitting MS
60
explain Relapsing Remitting MS
``` Unpredictable but clearly defined relapses (also known as attacks, exacerbations or flare-ups) during which new symptoms appear or existing ones get worse ```
61
true or false, in the period between relapses in relapsing MS, how is recovery
recovery is complete or near complete to prelapse function (remission)
62
what is more severe: relapsing MS or secondary progressive MS
secondary progressie
63
epxlain secondary progressive MS
Follows a diagnosis of RRMS. Over time, distinct relapses and remissions become less apparent and the disease begins to progress steadily (figure 2a), sometimes with plateaus
64
about half of people with relapsing MS start to worsen within what years and what does that come with
within 10-20 years of dianosis and that comes with increase levls of disability
65
true or false: meds can helo RRMS
true
66
True or fals: meds can help SPMS
true
67
which type of MS is a slow accumulattion of disability without defined relapses
Primary progressive MS. (PPMS)
68
PPMS has defined or undefined relapses
no defined relapses
69
true or false. in PPMS there are periods of remission and explain
false it May stabilize for periods of time, and even offer minor temporary improvement (figure 3b) but overall, there are no periods ofremission. A
70
what is the percentage of people with MS have primary progressive multiple scleoris
10 per cent of people diagnosed with MS have PPMS
71
what is the ratrest course of MS
progressive relapsing MS
72
what is the incidence of progressive relapsing MS
5%
73
explain progressive relatpsing MS
``` People with this form of MS experience relapses with (figure 4a) or without (figure 4b) recovery and steadily worsening disease from the beginning ```
74
true or false: meds cannot help with progressive relapsing MS
false they can
75
what is the only type of MS thaat cannot be helped by meds
primary progressie
76
can people with MS treain
yes
77
can exercise be harmful to MS
yes it can trigger flare upa
78
are kceps qualified to train clients with MS
yes
79
what does meeting the PA guidelines do for thsoe with MS
reduce fatigue improve mobility enhance elements of health related quality of life
80
who are the PA guidelines for in MS
for adults with minimal to moderate disability resulting from either relaptsing/remitting MS or progressive forms of MS
81
true or false: those with MS should consult a HC professional before behining
true
82
if you are a physically inactive person with MS how should PA be performed
activities performed at lower intensity frequence and durantionn than recommeded may bring some benefit
83
true or false: you should gradually increase duraction and frequency as progression towards meeting the guidelines
true q
84
aerobic activtity and strength training are the only activtiyes that should eb done with MS
false, it is importatnt to include daily stretch of affected joints and muscles and balance exerceises
85
how often should those with MS perform areobic and strength training
two times a wee
86
what is the time someone with MS should do aerobic exercise
at least 30 minutes durinng the workout session
87
what is the ampunt of sets and reps someone with MS should do in RT
2 sets of 10-15 reps
88
how hard/intensity should aerobic exercise be for those with MS
moderate intensity PA (5/6 on scale of 10) and causes HR to increase you should be able to talk but not sing a song during the actitvty
89
what should the inteisty be for RT for those with MS
pick a resistance (free wights, pulleys bands etc) that is heavy enough to barely, but safely, finish 10-15 reps of the last set
90
what are some good aerobic activites for those with MS
upper body exercises: arm cycling lower body exerceises: walking, leg cycling combined: eliptical =aquatic
91
what are some good strength training activties for those with MS
weight machines free wights cable pulleys.
92
whart are the special consideration to exrcise with MS (5)
lower level of fitness (cardio, muscle endurance and strenght and balance) fatigue heatt intolerace depression exercise does not trigger flare ups with properly managed
93
true or false and explain: those with MS have heat intolerance
true they have a body temp 0.5 higher
94
what are the 4 effects of exercise on MS
1) increases aerobic capacity 2) increases muscular sttrength and endurace 3) increase QOL 4) increase independace in ADLS

KCEP 210 (14 decks)

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