Lecture 8 - Aggression Flashcards
instrumental aggression
- to reach a goal
- deliberate and rational
emotional aggression
- to hurt
- from anger or hate
- impulsive and irrational
verbal aggression + gender
no difference
physical aggression + gender
more boys
indirect aggression + gender
spreading rumours and gossip
more girls
predipositions of aggression
- heritability
- high tesosterone
- low serotonine
- gender
- personality traits e.g. narcisism
- hostile attribbution
thanatos
Freud’s death drive
Freud’s aggression
to blow of steam
Lorent’s aggression
- evolutionary instinct
- flight or fight
- also adaptive
is expressing anger healthy?
no, on the contrary
Bushman study
- report evaluated
- s could hit a ball
- punished rater more
frustration aggression theory
emerges from frustration
can be displaced
cognitive-neoassociationist model
Berkowitz
negative affects > fight + anger or flight + fear
thinking as the moderator
Schacter Singer study
injected with adrenaline, did not know about its effects
got more angry at annoying person than if theey did know
alcohol and aggression
can disinhibit
decreases self-awareness
learned disinhibition
can also be prosocial
situational factors for aggression
heat
crowds
situational cues
e.g. presence of guns leads to more aggression
social roles + aggression
- roles like youth groups or gangs
- injustice
- feeling morally superior
- cultures of honour
Cohen study
- s walked down corridor
- bumped by someone
- Southeners got more angry
- more testosterone and cortisol
rise of culture of honour
- weak rule of law
- high risk of theft
- e.g. pastoralism
Bandura
- observational learning
- learning by wathcing others being rewarded
Bandura + gender
- boys baseline is higher
- but both boys and girls learn equally fast
longitudunal study Tv violence
- 40 years
- aggreession at 8 did not predict later violence
- violent TV contributed to later violence
- opposite effect on girls
(?)
predictors for rape
- rape myth acceptance
- narcisism
when does punishment work?
- directly after act
- reasonable intensity
- consistent and predictable
- spanking does th opposite
how to decrease aggression
- teach alternative prosocial behavior
- reward non-aggressive problem solving
- get distraction when angry
