Lecture 12 - Stereotypes Flashcards
stereotypes defintion
- cognitive
- mental representations
- prototypes or examples
- generalizations
prejudices defintion
- affective
- based on emotions, feelings
discrimination
- behavior
- can be negative or positive (affirmative action)
- shape behavior
accentuation effect
- exaggerating similarities between outgourp members
Eliot experiment
- by third grade teacher
- children devided into superior and inferiro group based on eye colour
- superior children’s personality changed more, felt like kings
outgroup homoheneity effect
- outgroup members appear more alike
traits predicting discrimination
- authoritarian personality
- social dominance orientation
prevalence of social dominance orientaton
- higher in priviledged group
illusory correlation
- overestimating variables
- e.g. if a refugee commits a crime, we make a connection, not for a Dutch guy
cognitive explanation for illusory correlation
- minorities are attention grabbing,, so are the negative bahaviors
group size and stereotypes experiment
- more negative info for small group remembered
- accurate for larger group
- even if groups have no content
origins of stereotypes
- social learning
- only tendency is inate, not the content
implicit stereotype example
- hear black, respond faster to words like lazy and hsotile
- only works for implicit stereotypes
experiment on implicit stereotypes
- picture displayed for .6 sec, decide whether person is holding gun or not
- less mistakes for black people, more misidentifying for guns
- same result with black participants
self-fulfilling prophecy
- illicits stereo-confirming behavior in minorities
subliminal priming experiment
- one partner was primed with black or white face
- balck condition became more angry and frustrated
- projected onto partner as well
collective narcisism
- own group or country is superior
deindividuation
- a group behaves like a single organism
realistic conflict theory
- rational competition e.g. over scarce resources
- creates inter-group conflict
examples for deindividuation
- KKK
- Zimabardo’s Milgram variation with hoods
- positive: people becoming more touchy and intimate in dark room
explanations for Stanford prison experiment
- deindividuation by refering to people as numbers
- situational amibguity: unclear norms, so create own or follow leader (emergent norms theory)
Robber’s cave
- intergroup conflict over scarce resources
- create to groups, make them cohesive
- create competition
- after they hate eachother try to bring them together again
ingroup behavior of Robber’s cave
- own norms and habits
- started to hate eachother
- stereotypes
- more ingroup bias
phase 3 of Robber’s cave
- establish common goals
- make them work together
- > decreased hostility
- > some even became friends
- > it’s easy to create conflict but it’s also easy to solve it
social identity
- personal, about individual
- affective
social categorization
- about groups
- cognitive
insecurity/uncertainty reduction
- e.g. you are at a soccer match, at first insecure, after a while you go along and cheer with everybosy
accentuation effect
- qualitities of ingroup
exaggerated - same for negative aspects of outgroup
-differences exaggerated
