Lecture 10 - Evolutionary Psychology

Question 1

prerequisites for evolution (of humans)

Answer 1

• no biological constraints, everyone can mate with everyone
• genes mutate at predictable rate
• environmental influence enhances certain traits

Question 2

since when are ther humans

Answer 2

• hominids: 3 million years
• sapiens: 200.000
  (- erectus lived for 2 million years)
• last common ancestor with chimpanzees and bonobos

Question 3

funfacts about shared DNA

Answer 3

• evey organism shares 25%

- humans and banana 50%

Question 4

evolutionary psychology

Answer 4

• how evolution shaped behavior

Question 5

natural selection

Answer 5

• environments makes some reproduce and some not

- can diverge into different species

Question 6

guppie experiment

Answer 6

• predator pond guppies were colourless and reproduced earlier
• peaceful pond guppies were colourful (sexual selection)
• big stone pond: big dots
• fine sand pond: small dots

Question 7

gene culture coevolution

Answer 7

• lactose tolerance outside East Asia

Question 8

sources of evolutionary psychology

Answer 8

• young children
• other species
• inate behavior

Question 9

masculine men and women

Answer 9

• are seen as more attractive when women ovulate

Question 10

feminine men

Answer 10

• do well also

Question 11

cultural universal

Answer 11

• incest taboo

- so probably inate

Question 12

evolutionary based behaviors examples

Answer 12

• leadership emergence

- concern for fairness

Question 13

capucine monkey experiment

Answer 13

• are angry when treated unfair

Question 14

location unfairness aversion

Answer 14

• in old brain part

- hints on it being inate

Question 15

Hofstede cultural dimensions

Answer 15

• individualistic vs collectivistic
• acceptance vs power differences
• masculine (competition, US, JP) vs feminine (care, NL, SW)
• uncertainty reduction = how rules are valued

Question 16

Ekman emotions

Answer 16

• culturally independent

- even blind people show them

Question 17

lie detection

Answer 17

• look at the mouth
• less smiling
• more artificial
• longer response time
• generic words and overgeneralization
• not verifiable

Question 18

cultural gender differences

Answer 18

• equality
• distribution of tasks
• social and sexual norms

Question 19

culturally difference in sex norms

Answer 19

• number of partners
• time to stay virgin
• revealing cloths for women

Question 20

other cultural differences

Answer 20

• minorities

- male infedility

Question 21

cultural similarities

Answer 21

• sexual preferences
• men prefer younger women
• women prefer older rich guys
• women are more picky

Question 22

parental investment theory

Answer 22

• for all species
• gender who invests more into offspring is more selective
• men focus on fertility
  women on
  caregivers
  (reversed in seahorse)

Question 23

expecting sex

Answer 23

• men want more and earlier

Question 24

differences in sex-drive

Answer 24

• women desire intelligent partners for sex and relationships
• associate status cues more often with sexuality
• men only for relationships
• men like cost free opportunities

Question 25

paradox of homosexuality

Answer 25

• high heritability
• present in many species
• but no offspring

Question 26

kin selection explanation of homosexuality

Answer 26

• gay uncle theory
• advantage of an extra caregiver
• but then why not asexual?

Question 27

genetic carrier explanation

Answer 27

• hetero people carry some gay genes as well
• make for higher reproductive success
• so some people turn out gay

Question 28

new theory on homosexuality

Answer 28

• sex has social functions as well

- so variance is expected