Lecture 5 - Attitudes

Question 1

ambivalent attitudes

Answer 1

containing positive and negative cognition

Question 2

implicit attitudes

Answer 2

automatic
unconscious
inexplicable

Question 3

explicit attitudes

Answer 3

deliberate
reasoned
conscious

Question 4

structure of attitudes

Answer 4

cognitive-affective-behavioural

Question 5

formation of attitudes via

Answer 5

mere exposure
classical/operant conditioning
self-perception

Question 6

Zajonc 1968

Answer 6

Turkish and Chinese nonsense words were experienced more positive the more they were seen
recognition drives positive attitudes

Question 7

supraliminal

Answer 7

we know where the feeling is coming from

Question 8

subliminal

Answer 8

we did not perceive the information but are influenced in our attitudes

Question 9

Self-perception theory

Answer 9

people derive attitudes from their behaviour

Question 10

Strack experiment

Answer 10

pen in mouth experiment
facial feedback loop
only works when unobserved

Question 11

four functions of attitudes

Answer 11

instrumental
knowledge
ego-protective
value-expressive function

Question 12

four ways to make attitudes more predictive for behaviour

Answer 12

close in time and space
self-awareness
attitude strength
accessability of attitude

Question 13

theory of reasoned action

Answer 13

attitudes towards norm
+ subjective norm and what others think
= shapes behavioural intent

Question 14

theory of planned behaviour

Answer 14

theory of reasoned action + behavioral control

Question 15

cognitive consistency

Answer 15

you want to be consistent in attitudes, self-perception and convictions

Question 16

cognitive dissonance

Answer 16

bad expirience of inconsistency between either thoughts or behaviour

Question 17

four ways to reduce cognitive dissonance

Answer 17

trivializing
ascribe discrepancy to external factors
change in behaviour
change in attitude

Question 18

outcome Festinger experiment

Answer 18

1 dollar condition liked the experiment afterwards

20 dollar condition did not

Question 19

post decision dissonance

Answer 19

after an uncertain decisioin

gamblers being more certain after they made their bet

Question 20

four steps for dissonance to change behavior

Answer 20

is inconsistent with attitudes
can not be justified
feel arousal
arousal ascribed to dissonance

Question 21

I suffer so I must like it - bias

Answer 21

the harder to get in, the more you like the group