Lecture 2 - Small group processes Flashcards
defintion of a group
two or more people
interacting or influencin eachother
dynamicness of groups
influence eachother’s performance, opinions and decisions
three parameters of groups
hierarchical vs egalitarian
leaders vs follwers
valued vs non-valued members
social facilitation
better performance when in groups
Triplett
wheel rolling experiment on social faciliation
social inhibition
performance gets worse in groups
social facilitation vs inhibition
facilitates dominant response
when you’re already good at it you’re even better and vice versa
pool experiment result
on social facilitation by spectators
drive theory
presence -> arousal -> dominant response -> facilitation or inhibition
Yerkes-Dodson law
there is always an optimal arousal level
the more difficult task is the lower the level is
evaluation apprehension
we care about others judging us
Worringham & Messick
men run faster when women are watching
mere presence
others presence is sufficient to create arousal
Zajonc
experiment showed mere presence and social faciliation/inhibition in cockroaches
social loafing
trying less when in a group
because of lack of evalution apprehension,
diffusion of responsibility
prioritizing short-term interest of laziness
five measures against social loafing
group is more cohesive more competitive individual performace monitored goal more important appealing/challenging tasks
too-much-talent effect
perfomance of team decreases when they have too much talented players
group polarization
individual opinions get more extreme
due to not hearing conflcting opinions, confirmation bias
three characteristics of polarized beliefs
more confident
simpler
stimuli are categorized simpler
Dunning-Krueger effect
the lower you score the more you overestimate your score
real experts know they know nothing
interpersonal morality
goods should be distributed equally
inter-group morality
more favoring the own group
more resources for own group
leaders and guilt
the more guilt-prone the more unfair to other groups
risky shift phenomenon
groups make riskier decisions than individual
cautious shift
groups making less risky decisions
six characteristics of group think
like a single organism don't speak your mind overestimating group morality and capability conformity self-censoring illusion of unnamity
four factors creating group think
high cohesion
group isolation
no outside criticism
directive leader with clear vision
minority influence
a minority changing something
two problems for minority influence
needs bravery and self-confidence
minority-slowness
task oriented leaders
who is best for the task
social leaders
who has the best relations
transfromational leaders
make their goals the group’s goals
two aspects of leadership and three implications
power vs status = control vs prestige more power-> less fair more status -> more fair worst comination: high power low status
power corrupts when…
power is opportunity and not a responsibility
three reasons for social loafing
because of lack of evalution apprehension,
diffusion of responsibility
prioritizing short-term interest of laziness
