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ANAT 314 > Lecture 8: Abdominal wall > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

Compare abd region to back and thorax

A

Abd has relatively few bony places for muscle atcthments

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2
Q

First layer abd

A

Skin then superficial fascia (underneath skin) = campers fascia (superficial, fatty layer, variable), scarpa’s fascia (deeper membranous layer)

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3
Q

2nd layer abd

A

Thoracolumbar fascia - deep fascia/epimysium fo erector spinae

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4
Q

3rd layer abd

A

3 anterolateral abd wall muscles = ext oblique, int oblique, transversus abdominis

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5
Q

4th layer abd

A

Transversalis fascia

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6
Q

5th layer abd

A

Parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

Describe recuts sheath

A

Receives contribution from abd muscles
Rectus abdominis = ant wall

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8
Q

Describe linea alba

A

Anchorage point
Big fibrous band

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9
Q

Describe anterior abd muscles

A

Some similarities with 3 intercostals
3 muscular layers with Fiber oriented differently

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10
Q

What happens to ant abd muscles

A

Becomes aponeurotic medically = converge onto thickened medial ct band = linea alba

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11
Q

Name and describe all common functions of ant abd muscles

A

Bilateral = flexion of vertebral column, especially thoracic and lumbar lower regions
Force expiration = accessory muscle of resp , contract and change vol abd cavity = push abd up = forceful expir
Compression of abdominal organs, for defecation, urination, birth

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12
Q

Lateral attachment of external oblique

A

Outer surface ribs 5-12

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13
Q

anterior/medial attachment of external oblique

A

Linea alba via aponeurosis
Public tubercle
Iliac crest
(Pubic tubercle to sternum)

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14
Q

Fiber orientation ext oblique

A

Superior/posterior to inferior/anterior = hands in pockets, like external intercostals

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15
Q

Additional trunk functions ext oblique

A

Unilateral = ispilateral flexion (rib attachments move)
Contra lateral rotation

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16
Q

Describe side plank

A

Pelvis to ribs = ribs fixed, pull pelvis towards ribs
Reduce angel on same side

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17
Q

Describe side bend

A

Ribs to pelvis = pelvis fixed, pull ribs towards pelvis

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18
Q

Postero lateral attachments of internal oblique

A

Origin off tlf
Iliac crest
Asis (broad attachment)

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19
Q

Medial attachments of internal oblique

A

Inferior border of ribs 10-12
Pubic tubercle —> linea alba —> xiphoid process

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20
Q

Fiber orientation of internal oblique

A

Variable
Superior half at right angles to ext oblique
Perpendicular to extras obqlie
Fibers change orientation

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21
Q

Additional functions internal oblique

A

Ispilateral trunk flexion
Ispilateral trunk rotation

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22
Q

Describe exercise of trunk rotation

A

Ispilateral internal oblique
And contra lateral external oblique

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23
Q

Describe transversus abdominis

A

In transverse plane

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24
Q

Postero lateral attachments transversus abdominis

A

From tlf
Iliac crest, over to asis
Internal surface of costal cartilages of ribs 6/7-12

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25
Q

Medial attachment transversus abdominis

A

Linea alba
Pubic crest

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26
Q

Fiber orientation transversus abdominis

A

Transverse = horizontal

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27
Q

Additional functions transversus abdominis

A

Ispilateral rotation maybe - do not know
Especially important for compression abd contents during defecation, urination, giving brith = increase intra abdominal pressure

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28
Q

Fiber orientation rectus abdominis

A

Superior inferior = vertical

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29
Q

Separations rectus abdominis

A

Separated by 3 tendinous intersections =
Xiphoid tip, halfway in between, umbilicus
Sometimes, 4-5 intersections, depends on person

30
Q

Superior attachments rectus abdominis

A

Ribs 5-7, and xiphoid process

31
Q

Inferior attachments rectus abdominis

A

Pubic crest and symphysis (midline paired muscle)

32
Q

Functions rectus abdominis

A

Trunk flexion = primary (lower thoracic and lumbar regions)
Compression of abdomen

33
Q

Describe when sit up

A

Ribs to pelvis, legs fixed
Bring thoracic wall closer

34
Q

Describe when reverse crunch

A

Brings pelvis closer to ribs
Back fixed

35
Q

Describe functions of rectus abdominis In detail

A

Flexion at thoracic and lumbar zygopophyseal joints
Crosses these but far way = lever arms far from joint = good

36
Q

Describe rectus sheath

A

Aponeurosis of 3 anterolateral muscles

37
Q

Describe above arcuate line

A

External oblique = 1/2 internal
Rectus abdominis
1/2 internal oblique + transversus abdominus
All against transversalis fascia

38
Q

Describe below arcuate line

A

All anterior to rectus abdominis
Leaves rectus abdominis in direct contact with transversalis fascia

39
Q

Describe linea alba - surface anatomy

A

Visible too

40
Q

Describe arcuate line - surface anatomy

A

Between pubic crest and navel

41
Q

Describe tendinous intersections - surface anatomy

A

Tendinous intersection fo rectus abdominis creates a SIX PACK

42
Q

Describe linea semilunaris - surface anatomy

A

Convergence of obliques and transversus aponeuroses on rectus abdominis
3 abd muscle converge as aponeurosis and then will make rectus sheath
One on each side

43
Q

What is clinical correlate of linea semilunaris

A

Where linea semilunaris crosses arcuate line
= area of weakness
Below this point = no more rectus sheath against viscera, = can lead to spigelian hernias

44
Q

Describe abd wall innervation generally

A

Motor and sensory = from ant rami of spinal nerves t7-l1

45
Q

Describe thoracoabdominal nerves

A

T7-t11 = continuation fo intercostal nerves Beyond ribs into abdomen
Run between int oblique and transversis abdominus
Pierces rectus abdominus as anterior cutaneous branches
(Leaves free edge of rib, when reaches costal cartilages)
MOTOR + SENSORY

46
Q

Describe subcostal nerves

A

T12
SPECIAL bc below last rib

47
Q

Describe iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

A

L1 split into 2 branches
Named branches of l1

48
Q

Where does blood supply of abd wall come from - name

A

Terminal branches internal thoracic = musculophrenic, superior epigastric
Last intercostal and subcostal free ends
External iliac —> inferior epigastric

49
Q

Describe off internal thoracic artery blood supply to abd

A

Musculophrenic = to upper lateral wall
Superior epigastric = to upper 1/2 of rectus abdominis

50
Q

Describe intercostal blood supply to abd

A

Last intercostal and subcostal = to posterior and lateral wall

51
Q

Describe external iliac blood supply to abd

A

Inferior epigastric = inferior 1/2 of rectus abdominis
Ducks under posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line = goes up back wall and ducks under rectus sheath
Also connects to superior epigastric

52
Q

What muscles sort of make up post abd wall

A

Diaphragm
Transversus abdominis
Iliacus = but technically in pelvis

53
Q

What muscles actually make up post abd wall

A

Psoas major and minor
Quadratus lumborum

54
Q

Describe psoas minor attachment

A

Vertebral bodies t12/l1 to pubis (inguinal lig)

55
Q

Describe psoas minor action

A

Assists in lumbar felxion - does not cross hip joint so no actions
Anterior to zygopophyseal joints

56
Q

Describe psoas minor innervation

A

Ant Ramus l1

57
Q

Describe psoas major attachment

A

Vertebral bodies t12/l4 to lesser trochanter of femur (jointly with iliacus = iliopsoas)

58
Q

Describe psoas major Action

A

Primarily hip flexion - crosses hip joint
Assists in lumbar flexion and lateral flexion

59
Q

Describe psoas major Innervation

A

Ant rami l1-l3

60
Q

Where is quadratus lumborum

A

Posterior to psoas

61
Q

Attachments quadratus lumborum

A

Iliac crest to transverse processes of l1-l4 and inferior edge rib 12

62
Q

Action quadratus lumborum

A

Bilateral = assist in trunk extension
Unilateral = ispilateral lumbar lateral flexion

63
Q

Innervation quadratus lumborum

A

Ant rami t12 to l4

64
Q

Describe iliopsoas

A

Attaches to femur
Crosses hip joint

65
Q

Describe what passes through diaphragm

A

Hiatuses for inferior vena cava, aorta and esophagus

66
Q

name all diaphragmatic hiatuses and which level they at

A

Ivc = t8
Esophagus = t10
Aorta = t12

67
Q

What else does diagram have - besides hiatuses

A

Passage fo muscles
= make up arcuate ligaments (w/ aortic hiatus)

68
Q

Quadratus lumborum passes through…

A

Lateral arcuate ligament

69
Q

Psoas passes through…

A

Medial arcuate ligament

70
Q

Aorta passes through…

A

Median arcuate ligament

ANAT 314 (24 decks)

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