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ANAT 314 > Lecture 21: anterior forearm and hand > Flashcards

Lecture 21: anterior forearm and hand Flashcards

1
Q

Define forearm

A

Antebrachium
Middle segment of free upper limb
Located between elbow and wrist joints

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2
Q

Describe distal features of radius

A

Styloid process radius - projection, distally, Helps form bracketed joint - anterior
Dorsal tubercle - posterior

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3
Q

Describe distal features of ulna

A

Head of ulna = at wrist (opposite of radial head)
Styloid process of ulna = projects from medial side, can be palpated medially, extends posteriorly

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4
Q

Name radioulnar joints

A

Proximal
Middle
Distal

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5
Q

Describe proximal radioulnar joint - gen

A

Synovial pivot
Has annular ligament = completes pivot joint, forms ring

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6
Q

Describe distal radioulnar joint

A

Synovial, pivot joint
Hast anterior and posterior radioulnar ligaments = forms ring, contract = allows rotation

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7
Q

Describe proximal and distal radioulnar joints specifically

A

Allows axial rotation of one bone = radius relative to the other = ulna
= motion known as pronation/supination

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8
Q

Describe middle radioulnar joint

A

Syndesmosis - fibrous joint = 2 bones held together by stretch of tough ct = interosseus membrane
No articular cartilage or synovial capsule
Relatively immobile joint - v little movement

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9
Q

Describe motion at radioulnar joints

A

Axis of rotation = along long axis of forearm
Pronation and supination

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10
Q

Way to remember pronation/supination

A

Hold soup = supination - palms facing up in anatomical position
Pour out soups = pronation - thumbs together

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11
Q

What moves during pronation and supination

A

Only radius moves during pronation and supination
Distal end pivots arounf ulnar head
Interosseous membrane twists to follow rotation of radial head and shaft
Ulna stays put, solidly anchored at hinge joint

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12
Q

What increases pronation

A

If involve axial rotation of shoudler

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13
Q

Describe wrist joint - gen

A

Made up of carpals

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14
Q

Describe carpal bones - name all

A

2 rows = proximal to distal
Scaphoid
Linage
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate (hook of hamate**)
Capitate
Trapezoids
Trapezium (articulates with thumb bone)

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15
Q

Acronym for carpal bones

A

PROXIMAL ROW LATERAL TO MEDIAL - So long to pinky = scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform
DISTAL ROW FROM MEDIAL TO LATERAL - here comes the thumb = hamate capitate trapezoid trapezium

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16
Q

Describe carpal bones - joints

A

Carpals = 8 tightly packed nodular bones that link forearm and hand
Between bones = synovial joints of a gliding type
Most allow limited movement bc presence of strong ligaments - stability of carpals

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17
Q

What is tfcc

A

Triangular fibrocartilaginous complex tfcc wedge shaped triangle of fibrocartilage that fills in and provides support to ulnocarpal side of wrist joint
Ulnar head does not articulate with carpals
Medially

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18
Q

What type of jont is wrist joint

A

Complex synovial
Condyloid joint
Elliptical in shape = one long axis and one short axis
Aka radiocarpal joint = involves radius and proximal row of carpals NOT ULNA DIRECTLY

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19
Q

Describe tfcc for wrist joint

A

PROXIMAL SURFACE fills in space of articular surface of ulna and half lunate and triquetrum = indirect articulation

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20
Q

Describe direct articulations wrist

A

Between distal radius and scaphoid and lunate in proximal row of carpals

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21
Q

Describe indirect articulations wrist

A

On ulnar side between tfcc and triquetrum = outside radiocarpal synovial capsule

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22
Q

Describe NO articulations wrist

A

Between pisiform and wrist joint

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23
Q

DESCRIBE WRIST JOINT motions = Gen

A

Condylloid joints are biaxial = motion in 2 planes + combos
Flex ext = sagittal plane around. Transverse axis
Abduction and adduction
Circumduction = combo flex ext and abd add

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24
Q

Describe wrist abduction and adduction

A

Carpal collateral ligaments restrict motion
Radial collateral = restricts ulnar deviation -adduction
Ulnar collateral = restricts radial deviation - abduction, MORE LIMITED ROM than ulnar deviation

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25
Q

Wrist abduction

A

Radial deviation

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26
Q

Wrist adduction

A

Ulnar deviation

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27
Q

Describe bones of hand gen

A

5 hand manual digits = I-v
Thumb = i pinky = v (lateral to medial)
Digits - fingers = free portion consisting of phalanges, exclusive of metacarpals
Pentadactyl

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28
Q

How many carpal bones

A

8

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29
Q

How many metacarpals and explains

A

5
Head, body and base

30
Q

Describe phalanges

A

2-5 = proximal, middle, distal
Thumb = proximal, distal
(Head, body base too)

31
Q

Name intrinsic hand joints

A

Metacarpophalangeal mcp joints i-v
Carpometacarpal joint 1
Carpometacarpal joint ii-v
Interphalangeal ip joints

32
Q

Metacarpophalangeal mcp joints i-v Type

A

Condyloid
Between metacarpal and proximal phalanx

33
Q

Metacarpophalangeal mcp joints i-v Movements

A

Abduction adduction
Flexion extension

34
Q

Carpometacarpal joint 1 Type

A

Saddle biaxial
1st metacarpal and trapezium

35
Q

Carpometacarpal joint 1 Motions

A

Abduction adduction
Flexion extension
Opposition (abduct and flex thumb to reach to 5th digit)

36
Q

Carpometacarpal joint ii-v type

37
Q

Carpometacarpal joint ii-v Motions

A

Limited movement

38
Q

Interphalangeal ip joints Type

A

Hinge
Proximal - pip - and distal - dip - interphalangeal joints

39
Q

Interphalangeal ip joints Motions

A

Flexion extension

40
Q

Describe what radius/ulna and interosseous membrane do

A

Divides antebrachium into 2 tightly wrapped musculofascial compartments
Dedicated to antagonistic movements of wrist and digital joints
Innervated by own terminal branch of brachial plexus

41
Q

Describe posterior compartment of forearm

A

Extensor compartment
Extensors and supinations of wrist
Extensors of digital joints

42
Q

Describe posterior compartment of forearm innervation

A

Radial nerve
C5-t1
Deep branch

43
Q

Describe anterior compartment of forearm

A

Larger
Flexor compartment
Flexors and predators of wrist
Flexors of digital joints

44
Q

Describe anterior compartment of forearm Innervation

A

Medial c6-t1
Ulnar c8-t1

45
Q

Name muscles of anterior compartment superficial layer

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
(PFPF)

46
Q

Pronator teres attachment

A

Medial humeral epicondyle to radius

47
Q

Pronator teres functions

A

Pronation
(It of elbow flexion and stabilization)

48
Q

Flexor carpi radialis atthcments

A

Medial humeral epicondyle To metacarpals ii and iii

49
Q

Flexor carpi radialis FUCNTION

A

Wrist flexion and abduction (radial deviation)

50
Q

Palmaris longus attachment

A

Medial humeral epicondyle To palmar aponeurosis

51
Q

Palmaris longus FUCNTION

A

Tenses palmar aponeurosis
Assist in wrist flexion

52
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris attachment

A

Medial humeral epicondyle To pisiform, hamate, metacarpal v

53
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris FUCNTION

A

Wrist flexion and adduction (ulnar deviation)

54
Q

What works together to flex wrist

A

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi unalris, Palmaris longus = work together to flex wrist
And since they cross elbow = weak elbow flexion too

55
Q

Name muscles of anterior compartment intermediate layer

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

56
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis Attachments

A

Medial humeral epicondyle, proximal ulna/radius
To medial and lateral sides of middle phalanges of digits ii-v (4 tendons)

57
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis Functions

A

Flexion of wrist Metacarpophalangeal mcp and proximal interpahalangeal pip joints of digits ii-v

58
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis Tendons

A

Tendons split near mcp joint to allow passage of tendons of another muscle to distal phalanx of digits ii-v

59
Q

What passes through Flexor digitorum superficialis Tendons split

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

60
Q

Does Flexor digitorum superficialis Send tendons into all digits

A

NOOO
Not to thumb
Also not across distal interphalangeal joints - dip

61
Q

Name anterior compartment deepest layer muscles

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus

62
Q

Flexor pollicis longus attachments

A

Radius, interosseus membrane to distal phalanx of thumb only digit 1

63
Q

Flexor pollicis longus FUCNTION

A

Unique to humans
Flexion of wrist and joints of thumb

64
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus attachments

A

Ulna, interosseus membrane to base of distal phalanx ii-v

65
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus Functions

A

Flexion of wrist, mcp joints, PIP AND DIP joints of digits ii-v

66
Q

Describe Flexor digitorum profundus tendons

A

Tendons pass through split of flexor digitorum superficialis to attach to distal phalanx
Flexor digitorum profundus tendons now superficial to flexor digitorum superficialis tendons

67
Q

Describe and summarize Pronators of forearm - anterior compartment

A

Pronator teres and pronate quadratus = pull over radius in pronation
Riot action fo radius at humeroradial and radioulnar joints, radius crosses over ulna
= when muscles contract concentrically

68
Q

Does everyone have Palmaris longus

A

Absent in 3 —> >60% of ppl, depends on population/study

69
Q

Pronator quadratus attachments

A

Distal ulna to distal radius, deep to flexor digitorum profundus/flexor pollicis longus

70
Q

Pronator quadratus functions

ANAT 314 (27 decks)

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