Lab 2: Vertebral column and Spinal cord Flashcards
Describe relations of arch/body of vertebrae
Vertebral arch = posterior
Vertebral body = always ant
Describe vertebral for amen
Forms canal for spinal cord
Describe intervertebral for amen
Notches
Sup vert = inf vertebral notch
Inf vert = sup vertebral notch
Spinal nerves pass through here
Describe all cervical vertebrae
All but c1 and c2
C1=atlas, c2=axis
Bifid sp
Transverse foramina - for vertebral artery
Vertebral foamed more triangular
short tp
Describe all thoracic vertebrae
T1-t12 = bigger
Heart shaped vertebral bod
Long sp, down, narrow, longer
Circular vertebral foramen - large
Articulate with ribs = have facets, Demi facets -2 on vertebral body, costal facet on tp
Describe all Lumbar vertebrae
L1-l5
Kidney shaped vertebral body
Bigger, bears More weight
Triangular smaller vertebral formaen
Spinous process shorter and wider
Describe atlas
C1,
Anterior arch - tubercle and facet for dens
Posterior arch and tubercle
Lateral masses with superior articular facets = articulate with occipital
Transverse foramina on top of lateral masses
Transverse ligament of atlast
No sp
No vertebral body
Describe axis
C2
Dens - odontoid process, articulate with dens - with ant arch c1 = pivot joint
Superior articualr facets = lateral atlanto axial joints
Axial rotation
Describe Atlanto occipital joint
Between occipital condyles of skull and lateral masses of atlas - c1
Minimal translation- axial rotation, flex, ext of head = main
Condylar joint
More movement than plane/gliding
Describe Alta to axial joints
C1 and c2
Median = pivot joint
Lateral =planar joint
Primary for axial rotation of head
Name all the articulations of atlanto axial joints
2 flat = plane/gliding, planar,lateral
Medial = pivot joint, dens with ant arch
Describe intervertebral disks
Outer, 2 layers, tough in elastic = annulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposus = absorbs shocks, v elastic, disk herniations possible
Symphysis joint - fibrocartilage
Describe zygapophyseal joints
Between articualr proceses of vertebrae = sup and inf articular processes
Planar/gliding joint
Describe zygapophyseal joints = CERVICAL
Transverse plane
Axial rot mostly
Describe zygapophyseal joints = THORACIC
Coronal
Axial rot and flexion/extension
Describe zygapophyseal joints = LUMBAR
Sagittal
Lateral flexion and extension - no axial ROT
WHAT IS SACRUM
5 fused sacral vertebrae
HOW MANY vertebrae make up coccyx
3-5
Describe sacral canal
Cauda equina, spinal nerves flowing up and down after spinal cord ends in lumbar region
Describe sacral hiatus
S5 comes out
Describe sacral foramina
Sacral spinal nerves through
Equivalent to vertebral formaina
Describe anterior longitudinal ligaments
In front vertebral body
Limit extension
Limit axial rot
Describe posterior longitudinal ligaments
Behind vertebral body
Inside canal
Continuous with tectorial membrane
Limit flexion
Limit axial rot
Describe ligamentum flavum
Between vertebral arches
Describe interspinous ligament
Between spines
Limit flexion
Describe intertransverse ligaments
Between tps
Limit ipsilateral ext and contra lateral flexion
Describe supraspinous ligament
On top fo sp
Limit flexion
Describe nuchal ligament
Continuous with supraspinous ligament
Up - thickens, bigger, prevent pitching of hea d
Describe transverse ligament
Atlanto axial joint
Keeps dens attachment to ant arch
Describe posterior atlanto occipital membrane e
Attach the 2
Describe tectorial membrane
Ant part of hole
Posterior to bone
Helps attach atlas to skull
Describe spinal cord - from head to tail
Spinal cord stops = conus medullaris —> cauda equina
Describe organization of meningeal layers
Dura —> arachnoid (adhered to dura) —> pia (adhered to spinal cord)
What is filum terminale
Extension of pia mater
What are denticualte ligaments from
Pia mater
Describe spinal nerves
31 pairs
Cervical spinal nerves named by inf vertebrae
Exception = c8, no vert c8 but still named
What does post rami innervate
Intrinsic back muscles
Skin - sensory
What does ant rami innervate
Everything else that post rami doesn’t innervate
