Lecture 8+9: blood circuits and the heart

Question 1

systemic veins carry

Answer 1

deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 2

output of heart

Answer 2

14,000L of blood output per day
5L blood per minute

Question 2

systemic arteries carry

Answer 2

oxygenated blood away from heart

Question 3

location of blood volume

Answer 3

7% in heart
9% in pulmonary circuit
84% in systemic circuit

Question 4

pulmonary arteries carry

Answer 4

deoxygenated blood to lungs

Question 5

pulmonary veins carry

Answer 5

oxygenated blood to heat

Question 6

relationship between chamber volume and pressure

Answer 6

high volume low pressure
low volume high pressure

Question 7

purpose of atrium and auricle

Answer 7

means blood can continuous collect and flow even while inlet valve to ventricle is closed

Question 8

peak pressure

Answer 8

Right ventricle:27 mmHg (20-35)
left ventricle: 120mmHg (100-140)
right atrium: 5 (0-5)
left atrium: 8mmHg (4-8)

Question 9

pulmonary trunk purpose

Answer 9

carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs

Question 10

mitral valve

Answer 10

bicuspid atrioventricular valve between left atrium and left ventricle

Question 11

apex of heart orientation

Answer 11

relative to patient:
point inferiorly, anteriorly and to the left

Question 12

orientation of heart’s right border

Answer 12

relative to patient:
right atrium primarily

Question 13

orientation of hearts inferior border

Answer 13

relative to patient: formed mainly by right ventricle

Question 14

orientation of heart left border

Answer 14

formed mainly by left ventricle and part of left atrium/auricle

Question 15

base of the heart

Answer 15

blood vessels, superior border

Question 16

5 stages of cardiac cycle

Answer 16

1. ventricular filling
2. atrial contraction
3. isovolumetric ventricular contraction (systole)
4. ventricular ejection
5. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Question 17

ventricular filling

Answer 17

blood fills ventricle from atrium from veins. Ventricular P < atrial P

Question 18

atrial contraction

Answer 18

SA node fires and atrium contracts forces the last bit of blood from atrium into ventricle. mitral and tricuspid valves only open

Question 19

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction (systole)

Answer 19

ventricle contracts. pressure in arterial P > ventricle P > atrial P . mitral and tricuspid valve closes, blood turbulence causes first heart sound (lub). all valves closed

Question 20

ventricular ejection

Answer 20

systole continues but now Ventricular P > arterial P and aortic and pulmonary valves open. blood leaves ventricles via veins. semilunar valves only open

Question 21

isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Answer 21

ventricle relaxes. arterial pressure > ventricular P > atrial pressure. flow in artery reverse back towards heart so aortic valve and pulmonary valves closes, turbulence. creating second heart sound (dub). all valves closed