Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medsci 142 > lecture 19+20: resp. 1 and 2 > Flashcards

lecture 19+20: resp. 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

essential things for efficient gas exchange

A
  1. diffusion distance between air and blood must be small (in humans, 0.5. micrometers)
  2. large surface area (~75-100m^2 in humans)
  3. air clean of pollen/particulates/bacteria/etc.
  4. air need to be warm (37)
  5. air needs to be wet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

external respiration

A

oxygen is absorbed from atmosphere into blood in pulmonary capillaries, co2 is excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

internal respiration

A

tissue respiration, exchange of gasses between blood in systemic capillaries to and from tissue fluid and the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cellular respiration

A

indivdual cells gaining energy be the breaking down of molecules lke glucose. consumes oxygen and generates co2, occurs in mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

bulk movement of air into and out of lungs. the pump consists of rib cage + muscles, and the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nasal cavities and functions

A
  • nares: entry with hairs
  • 3 conchae: boney shelves lined with resp. epithelium
  • create turbulent flow to slow air down so it can be moistened and filtered
  • rich blood vessels to transport warm blood to heat air
  • glands to secrete watery stuff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mucociliary escalator

A

responsible for movement of mucus up and out of the respiratory tract; mucus traps particles and cilia propel mucus up and out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

resp. epithelium

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar + goblet + basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

regions of the pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx
  • orophraynx
  • laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in order of inspirations, list the conducting part of resp. system

A
  • nasal cavities,
  • pharynx,
  • larynx,
  • trachea,
  • bronchi, (lobar, segmental, smaller)
  • bronchioles (+terminal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

respitory part of resp. system

A
  • respitory bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • alveolar sacs
  • alveli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

movement of oxygen

A
  1. air
  2. nasal cavities
  3. pharynx
  4. larynx
  5. trachea
  6. bronchi
  7. bronchioles
  8. resp. bronchioles
  9. alveolar ducts
  10. alveolar sacs
  11. alveoli
  12. diffusion into blood
  13. blood to left side of heart
  14. blood to body
  15. oxygen to cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

clinical significance of the 16-19 generation of air way branching

A

at and beyond 16-19, infection/damage/trauma risk is becomes moderate to high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

main features of the trachea

A
  • c shaped cartilage rings to keep airway open
  • trachealis muscle connects free ends of cartiale on the posterior wall
  • lined with resp. epitheliuim
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

club cells

A
  • located in bronchiole
  • secrete watery club cell secretion that is anti microbial and helps to humidify
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

asthma treatment

A

-beta agonist to relax smooth muscle in bronchioles
- steroids to control inflammation

17
Q

cells of the alveolar wall

A
  • type 1 pneumocyte: squamous cells that are the alveoli wall, site of diffusion
  • type 2 pneumocyte: secretes surfactant to reduce surface tension between air and liquid layer. helps prevetn alveolar collapsing and walls sticking together
  • alveolar macrophage: wandering around to injust foreign matter
  • capilliaries: the other side of the diffusion barriar.
18
Q

constitution of diffusion barrier

A
  • type 1 pneumocyte
  • basement membrane of capilary and type 1 are fused
  • capillary endothelium
19
Q

lung segment

A
  • supplied by tertiary bronchi.
  • 8 on left side, 10 on right
20
Q

clinical significance of lung segment

A

each has their own blood and air supply. so they can function somewhat independently of each other. if one collapses, the others may not necessarily and one can be removed while the others can work as normal

21
Q

plurae

A
  • double layer membrane lining the lung
  • visceral attaches to lungs
  • parietal attaches to ribs
  • pleural space is lined with a vary thin fluid. this creates surface tension to brings lungs with ribs
22
Q

muscles responsible for lung ventilation

A
  • external intercostal moves ribs out so air goes in
  • internal intercostal moves ribs down so air goes out
  • diaphragm which flattens to increase volume and air goes in
23
Q

how do movements of the rib cage and diaphragm cause ventilation?

A

increase in volume, decrease in pressure, so air rushes into lungs which are pulled out with the ribs and diaphragm

24
Q

upper respitory system (descending)

A
  • nose
  • pharynx
  • larynx
25
Q

lower respiratory system (descending)

A
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • lungs

Medsci 142 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions