lecture 15: reproduction during the lifetime

Question 1

androgens

Answer 1

produced through adrenal tissue
- testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (the stronger form)
- important for male sex development, behaviour, spermatogenesis, muscle development

Question 2

oestrogens

Answer 2

oestradiol, oestrone, oestriol.
- produced i granulosa cells of follicle
- important for female sex development; regulation of menstrual cycle; bone development; endometrium growth

Question 3

progestagens

Answer 3

progesterone: corpus lateum and palcenta. required for pregnancy preparation and maintenance

Question 4

what makes the bipotential gonade become turn to testis

Answer 4

SRY gene on Y chromosome that produces testicular hormones

Question 5

sex differentiation

Answer 5

male: testes produce sertoli cells that produce anti mullerrian hormone causing mullerian duct to regress
female: ovaries produce oestrogen and progestagens to cause regession of wolffian duct

Question 6

what hormone drives the development of male external genitalia

Answer 6

androgens cause male differentiation

Question 7

first endocrine sign of puberty

Answer 7

increase in plasma LH levels as a reuslt of GnRH release

Question 8

sequence of events in female puberty

Answer 8

1. breast growth
2. pubic hair growth
3. peak height growth
4. menarche - first mentrual bleed, then ovulation
   ovulation causes full breast development

Question 9

sequence of events in male puberty

Answer 9

1. testis development
2. pubic hair growth
3. growth of penis
4. peak height spurt with spermatogenesis shortly before

Question 10

precocious puberty

Answer 10

appearence of physical and hormonal signs of puberty before what is generally considered expected. typically as a result of a GnRH dependent problem, extreme cases occasionally due to hypothalamic tumour

Question 11

delayed puberty

Answer 11

when gonadotrophin signals from pituitary are insufficient for sex steroid hormone secretion