Lecture 8

Question 1

What are the 3 species of budworm warblers?

Answer 1

• Cape May Warbler
• Bay-breasted Warbler
• Tennesee Warbler

Question 2

How do the budworm warblers exemplify niche partitioning?

Answer 2

They feed on budworms in different ways.

• Cape May: gleans caterpillars at the tips of branches on treetops
• Bay-breasted: works through tangled needles in the middle of trees
• Tennessee: gleans outer branches at all heights

Question 3

During ____ _____, the budworm warblers nest twice and more young survive

Answer 3

budworm outbreaks

Question 4

T/F: the year-to-year abundance of budworm warblers reflects the abundance of spruce budworm in their habitat

Answer 4

True

Question 5

White-throated sparrow - pairs

Answer 5

• There are 2 forms: black-striped & tan-striped
• Mating pairs have more success in raising young if they’re of different stripes (black defends territory, tan raises young)

Question 6

These insects eat bark off of dead trees:

Answer 6

Bark beetles

Question 7

These two beetles lay their eggs in trees, and the larvae then chew through the wood:

Answer 7

• Flat-headed Borer

- Jewel Beetle

Question 8

These beetles burrow deep into the wood to lay eggs:

Answer 8

Longhorn Beetles

Question 9

How do woodpeckers expose grub on the wood of trees?

Answer 9

They hit the bark off to expose it

Question 10

Name 2 types of woodpeckers you could find in the Boreal Forest

Answer 10

• Black-backed

- American three-toed

Question 11

How do woodpeckers exemplify resource partitioning?

Answer 11

Feed on the same tree in different ways

Question 12

Trembling Aspen/Poplar is an important food source for these animals (3):

Answer 12

• Beavers, porcupines (eat bark)

- Canadian Tiger Swallowtail (eats leaves)

Question 13

What are leaf miners (give an example)?

Answer 13

Insects that live inside leaves & eat the materials between their membranes (e.g. serpentine miners in poplar leaves)

Question 14

What is puddling (re: butterflies)?

Answer 14

Finding minerals in wet sand & mud puddles

Question 15

What is an outbreak (re: caterpillars)?

Answer 15

Large population is present

Question 16

Why is fire important in the boreal forest?

Answer 16

It’s essential for some BF species and the region’s ecology.

• Changes habitat
• Restarts process of succession

Question 17

What organisms occupy cavities in trees after they’re abandoned by woodpeckers?

Answer 17

• Insects

- Small birds; chickadees, tree swallows, eastern bluebird, boreal owl (cavity adopters)

Question 18

T/F: Most Boreal Forest Ducks are cavity adopters (if true, what are some examples?)

Answer 18

T: goldeneyes, hooded mergansers

Question 19

What moth caterpillar eats poplar leaves and can occur in outbreaks?

Answer 19

Forest Tent Caterpillar

Question 20

This wildflower grows in open areas after a fire

Answer 20

Fireweed

Question 21

How does fire benefit bears?

Answer 21

Fire creates habitats for blueberry plants

Question 22

How can animals transport seeds?

Answer 22

• On their exterior

- Through their waste

Question 23

What plants would start growing in an area after a fire (i.e. in what order - 4)?

Answer 23

1) Fireweed/blueberries
2) Shrubs (alders, small trees)
3) Poplar forest (shade-intolerant)
4) Spruce/balsam fir forest (shade tolerant)

Question 24

Name two animals that eat poplar leaves.

Answer 24

• Beaver

- Porcupine

Question 25

Beavers create dams & ponds in the Boreal Forest. How does this benefit them?

Answer 25

• Need pond to expand the area in which they can safely travel (they’re slow on land)
• Store food in the water
• Easier to transport material
• Need year-round water access; pond must be deep

Question 26

T/F: Beaver ponds are poor in nutrients

Answer 26

F: they’re nutrient sinks - dams are built on moving water, so the nutrient load carried in the water drops into the pond

Question 27

Why were beavers in North America trapped in large numbers in the 19th century?

Answer 27

Fur trade, making hats/coats