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BIOL 2903 > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

This plant (a Great Lakes Endemic) is found on the north shore of Lake Superior

A

Pitcher’s thistle

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2
Q

What characteristics of pitcher’s thistle suggest that it grows in a hot/dry environment?

A
  • Angled stems

- Small leaves (so the plant doesn’t dry out)

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3
Q

Why can more soil form in the Superior Boreal than in the northern Boreal?

Name an animal in the SBF that lives in the soil.

A

The SBF is farther south, warmer, and has a longer growing season

Star-nosed mole

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4
Q

What two trees that are common in the GLSL forest region are also present in the SBF?

A

White/red pine

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5
Q

Pukaskwa National Park

A
  • Famous for geology & glacial relicts
  • Longest undeveloped shoreline on the Great Lakes
  • TipTop Mountain - one of ON’s highest peaks (641m)
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6
Q

What indicates that birds are nesting on a cliff?

A

Whitewash

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7
Q

Why can a large number of plant species grow on cliffs? Which part of a cliff is warmer?

A

Cliffs provide variation in relief + microclimates

South side of a cliff is warmer + less shady

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8
Q

What two factors result in subarctic conditions in the SBF? Name a northern plant that can grow in the SBF because of this.

A

Cold winds off Lake Superior + elevation

Alpine woodsia (small cliff fern)

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9
Q

What is bioaccumulation?

A

Increase of toxin levels in the body

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10
Q

How does the ingestion of insecticides affect birds?

A
  • Changes their behaviour

- Eggshells become thinner

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11
Q

Captive breeding of peregrine falcons

A
  • Birds put into hacking boxes and fed by a tube
  • They left when they were able to fly
  • Started breeding again
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12
Q

T/F: Peregrine falcons are the fastest known animal in the world

A

True: dives can reach >300km/h

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13
Q

How do cliffs benefit birds?

A
  • Ravens + peregrine falcons nest on cliffs

- Thermals - hawks move between them in the spring + fall (thermal hopping)

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14
Q

How do thermals form?

A

Larger body of water with elevated land around it heats up differentially, forming rising columns of air

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15
Q

Neys Prov. Park

A
  • Large sand beaches
  • former German POW camp
  • Volanic rocks
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16
Q

Clay Belt Boreal (CBB) characteristics

A
  • Flat, low elevation (200-300m)
  • On the Canadian Shield; hard, acidic, nutrient-poor
  • Gentle, rolling hills + flat plains
  • More precipitation
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17
Q

Why is balsam fir more common in the CBB than in the northern BF?

A

More moisture/precipitation

18
Q

How did clay beds form in the CBB?

A

Lake Ojibway Barlow (a glacial lake) deposited clay in the area

19
Q

T/F: clay drains well, so the CBB is dry

A

False

20
Q

Clay is derived from…

A

Crushed/dissolved limestone

21
Q

Abundance of clay means that there’s a lot of this habitat:

A

Wetlands (some are peatlands; most of these are fens)

22
Q

This sedge grows in fens in the CBB:

A

Cottongrass

23
Q

Sedges can form a dominant habitat in shallow, rich water; what is this habitat called?

A

Sedge meadow

24
Q

Do fens in the CBB have sphagnum moss?

A

Yes, but it isn’t always dominant

25
Q

Bog bean

A

Grows in fens, leaves resemble bean leaves

26
Q

Sedge tussocks/hummocks

A

Formed by mounds that are where wetlands used to be - caused by sedges

27
Q

Why is the CBB an ideal region for cattail marshes?

A

They need a lot of nutrients

28
Q

Examples of puddle ducks/dabblers in cattail marshes

A
  • Mallard
  • American Black Duck
  • Wood Duck
29
Q

Why are rails (e.g. Virginia Rails) able to walk through thick cattails?

A

Body is compressed laterally

30
Q

This bird has specialized lobes on its feet that open/close to help them move through cattail marshes:

A

American Coot

31
Q

T/F: Pied-billed Grebes have long, lobed toes that help them navigate the habitat

A

True

32
Q

T/F: Skimmers are rare in the CBB

A

False

33
Q

What other animals benefit from rich, shallow waters?

A
  • Turtles
  • Moose
  • Amphibians (e.g. toads, mink frogs)
34
Q

What does the abundance of aquatic snails in the CBB indicate?

A

Presence of calcium; their shells are made of it

35
Q

Can moose and beavers live in cattail marshes?

A

Yes, but the latter requires enough water

36
Q

Why are cattail marshes such rich habitats?

A
  • Increased precipitation

- Clay left by Lake Ojibway Barlow

37
Q

T/F: white/red pine are indicators for the CBB

A

False: they only grow there if the conditions are suitable

38
Q

Are rivers in the CBB part of the Arctic or Atlantic Watershed?

A

Arctic

39
Q

The CBB supports a lot of plants that grow in (basic or acidic?) soil

A

Basic

40
Q

Cedar swamp

A

Wet habitat containing eastern cedars

41
Q

Which lady’s slipper can be found in cedar swamps?

A

Showy Lady’s slipper

42
Q

The calciphilic plants in the CBB can vary in their distribution; give an example of one plant with a northern distribution and one with a southern distribution

A

Northern: Bird’s eye primrose
Southern: Wood lily

BIOL 2903 (24 decks)

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