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BIOL 2903 > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of dead trees in west Algonquin

A
  • Food

- Growth site for fungi (e.g. turkey tails, bracket fungus)

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2
Q

T/F: the direction of a fungus’ growth can change if a tree falls over

A

T: its mycelium grows in a direction that lets spores fall

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3
Q

Ruffled Grouse

A
  • Ground-nesting
  • Drum on dead trees while mating
  • Named for neck feathers - used in courtship
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4
Q

Is there a salamander that does not lay eggs in ponds? If so, where does it lay its eggs, and what is different about its larval stage?

A

Red-backed salamander

  • hangs eggs in rotting logs
  • larval stage occurs in eggs, not the water
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5
Q

Why do blue-spotted salamanders live under logs?

A
  • Moist

- Lots of invertebrates to eat

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6
Q

Ephemeral ponds

A

Temporary ponds that appear in spring due to melting snow; salamanders and freeze-tolerant frogs lay eggs here

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7
Q

T/F: ephemeral ponds contain fish

A

F: would be unsafe for baby salamanders & tadpoles

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8
Q

Where do American Beech and Eastern Hemlock each grow?

A

AB: warm south-facing slopes
EH: cool, north-facing slopes

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9
Q

Name 3 birds found in hemlock groves:

A
  • Black-throated green warbler
  • Blackburnian Warbler
  • Golden-Crowned Kinglet
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10
Q

Characteristics of eastern hemlock needles

A
  • short
  • flat
  • not grouped in clusters
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11
Q

Rows/columns of holes in trees indicate where this bird has looked for sap:

What 3 trees does it commonly check?

A

Yellow-bellied sapsucker

hemlocks, American Beech, white birch

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12
Q

Which type of plant vascular tissue do birds tap into when looking for sap in trees?

A

Xylem

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13
Q

T/F: insects also benefit from sapsucker holes

A

True

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14
Q

This invasive species of insect competes with hummingbirds for sap:

A

European Hornet

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15
Q

What do sawflies like to eat?

A

Hemlock needles

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16
Q

T/F: Hemlocks have very large cones

Name one bird that is able to open them and eat the seeds

A

False

Pine siskin

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17
Q

Why are trees in Algonquin Park more exposed to cold?

A

Higher elevation

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18
Q

Why is there little animal life in Algonquin in the winter?

A

Many animals depend on foliage

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19
Q

White pines used to be common in the hardwood forests. What happened?

A
  • Cut down by loggers

- Can’t grow back b/c seedlings aren’t fully shade-tolerant

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20
Q

What conifers (3) can be found in east Algonquin?

A
  • White pine
  • Red pine
  • Jack pine
21
Q

What is the dominant ground cover in pine forests? Why?

A

Lichens; located on Canadian Shield = acidic

22
Q

Why do wildflowers in pine forests have large leaves parallel to the ground?

A

Capture more sunlight

23
Q

List of wildflowers that like shade + acidic conditions (4):

A
  • Pink Lady’s slipper
  • Clintonia
  • Canada mayflower
  • bunchberry
24
Q

What is the main insect group that eats coniferous needles?

A

Sawfly larvae (e.g. red-headed pine sawfly)

25
Q

What is the most common warbler in east Algonquin?

A

Pine warbler

26
Q

T/F: pines are a consistent source of food for nomadic/irruptive birds

A

False

27
Q

Name 2 beetles that eat pine wood as larvae.

A
  • Longhorn borer

- Pine sawyer

28
Q

What does the presence of birch/poplar trees indicate?

A

A fire passed through the area recently

29
Q

This butterfly eats poplar leaves

A

Canadian Tiger Swallowtail

30
Q

Why do porcupines + beavers flourish in east Algonquin?

A

More poplar trees = more food

31
Q

T/F: black bears climb trees and destroy sapsucker nests/eat their eggs

A

True

32
Q

Name two lakes that the Petawawa River flows through.

A
  • Lake Travers

- Radiant Lake

33
Q

T/F: there are lots of mud flats along the Petawawa River

A

F: it’s sand, with very few invertebrates; fools migrating sandpipers

34
Q

What is fallout (hint: birds)?

What birds can be found among them?

A

Many birds of various species land in one area

  • Semipalmated plovers
  • Hudsonian Godwit
35
Q

Which animal eats fish in the Petawawa River?

A

Minks

36
Q

Is there something that signals when snakes are about to shed their skin?

A

Liquid grows between their eye and the scale over it

37
Q

Is the Wood Turtle endangered?

How does it get food?

A

Yes

Taps on the soil to bring earthworms to the surface

38
Q

Name two animals that can be found along the Petawawa River system.

A
  • Pickerel frogs

- Northern water snakes

39
Q

Why are species such as the pickerel frog, northern water snake, and wood turtle found near the Petawawa River?

A

Connectivity w/Ottawa River

40
Q

Hummingbirds pollinate these flowers found near the Petawawa River.

A

Cardinal-flower

41
Q

Why can hummingbirds pollinate cardinal-flowers, but insects can’t?

A

Nectar is held in its spurs, which are elongated and thus only accessible by animals w/long tongues or beaks

42
Q

These two calcipihilic plants are found on the Canadian Shield rock by the Petawawa River:

A
  • Cardinal-flower

- Purple-fringed orchid

43
Q

Jack pines dominate these habitats, left by a glacial spillway.

A

Sand plains

44
Q

2 birds associated w/jack pines:

A
  • Kirtland’s warblers

- Spruce grouse

45
Q

What are characteristics of the places where grouse nest?

A
  • low
  • more moisture
  • moss, black spruce, balsam fir are common
46
Q

This butterfly is associated w/jack pines, found mostly in northern Canada, but also near Lake Travers

A

Macoun’s Arctic

47
Q

T/F: Macoun’s Arctic takes two years to become a butterfly, and thus only occurs in Algonquin in even-numbered years

A

True

48
Q

What species benefit from increased acorn production from red oaks?

A
  • Blue Jays (store for winter)
  • Red Squirrels (store for winter)
  • Bears (acorns are fat-rich)
  • Beetles

BIOL 2903 (24 decks)

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