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BIOL 2903 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Tundra Indicator Species

A 
Tundra Goose
Polar Bear
Walrus
Hudsonian Godwit
Snow Goose
Arctic Willow
Arctic Fox
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2
Q

Arctic Fox adaptations

A

Thick/white fur, small extremities, bushy tail

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3
Q

Location of Arctic Walrus colony

A

Off Cape Henrietta Maria

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4
Q

What rock underlies the tundra?

A

Limestone

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5
Q

Why does the tundra have poor drainage?

A

Permafrost, clay

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6
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

A species that is representative of an area of Ontario.

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7
Q

Walrus features (2)

A 
Thick skull (to withstand water pressure)
Pink skin (blood rises to skin to prevent overheating)
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8
Q

Why are geese harmful to the tundra?

A

Cause physical disturbance by digging up tubers from the ground, and their nitrogen-rich waste kills the tundra’s plants.

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9
Q

Freeze Tolerance

A

The ability to withstand the formation of ice in the body.

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10
Q

This type of animal is present in the tundra (unlike turtles, salamanders, and snakes) b/c it’s freeze tolerant.

A

Frogs

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11
Q

T/F: the Hudson Bay doesn’t freeze over in the winter

A

False; freshwater from rivers (e.g. Winisk River) flows in and dilutes the salt water

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12
Q

Arctic Watershed

A

Contains rivers north of the drainage divide; they flow into Hudson Bay and the Arctic Ocean

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13
Q

Atlantic Watershed

A

Contains rivers south of the drainage divide; they flow into the Atlantic Ocean

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14
Q

Animals found in freshwater rivers

A

Beavers, otters

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15
Q

Hudson Bay + salinity

A

33% the salt of oceans due to freshwater input; freezes in winter

Plants in Hudson Bay must still be able to tolerate salt

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16
Q

Bird that thrives in saltwater

A

King Eider (insulated by down feathers, nests along the coast of Hudson Bay)

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17
Q

Loons along the coast of Hudson Bay

A
  • Diving birds that feed in the ocean
  • Eat saltwater fish; salt glands filter salt from the blood
  • e.g. common loon, red-throated loon, Pacific loon
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18
Q

Marine mammals in Hudson Bay

A

Ringed/bearded seals

Walruses

19
Q

T/F: marine animals can forage over submerged water in high tides

A

True

20
Q

T/F: ON is home to the southernmost population of polar bears

A

True

21
Q

What do polar bears do when ice breaks?

A

They come onto shore; since they depend on ice for hunting, they eat less when not on ice

22
Q

What do walruses use their tusks for?

A
  • To move
  • To dig up food
  • To crush shells to eat shellfish
23
Q

How do sand dunes form?

A

Sand is pushed up by water (coastal sand deposits)

24
Q

What do polar bears do at sand dunes?

A

Go on them and dig pits to stay in

25
Q

Plants growing along Hudson Bay have adapted to ____

A

live in salty conditions (e.g. American Dune Grass)

26
Q

Raised Beach Ridges

A
  • Habitat created when water comes in at high tide and sorts material
  • Polar bears dig out dens here
  • Don’t get flooded & drain well
  • Nesting sites for birds that feed along the coast & rivers (e.g. Arctic Tern)
27
Q

Jaeger

A

Bird that chases other birds, eats small mammals, and robs terns of their food

28
Q

Halophyte + characteristics

A

Salt-tolerant plant

  • thick, leathery, small leaves (store water, resist abrasion)
  • indicate marine environment
29
Q

Halophytic plant examples

A

goosegrass (main food for geese), seaside lungwort (oysterleaf, bluebells)

30
Q

Why can beach ridges be found farther inland? What are these ones called?

A

Former shoreline of the Tyrrell Sea; known as stranded beach ridges

31
Q

Arctic Fox adaptations

A

small extremities, thick/bushy tail, dense fur, white in winter

32
Q

T/F: Hudsonian Godwits nest and feed on beach ridges

A

F: they only nest there

33
Q

Shorebirds that nest on stranded beach ridges

A

sandpipers, plovers

34
Q

Niche partitioning + example

A

multiple species using the same resources in different ways - e.g. different beak sizes of birds

35
Q

Why is the tundra higher/drier farther inland?

A
  • Longer period of rebound

- Farther away from the shoreline

36
Q

What organisms dominate the tundra?

A

Mosses, lichens

37
Q

Why are sphagnum mosses important?

A

Insulate the ground, keep it frozen, wetland colonizers

38
Q

Reindeer Lichens

A

Food for woodland caribou

39
Q

Woodland caribou characteristics

A
  • Small extremities
  • Large hooved feet - shovel-like (can dig things out of the ground)
  • Dense hair near hooves to prevent slipping
40
Q

What animal preys upon caribou?

A

Gray wolves/timberwolves

41
Q

Caribou migration

A
  • Migrate from HBL/BF forest regions to tundra in late spring, and go back when summer ends
42
Q

T/F: calcium is easily accessible in the tundra

A

F: although the bedrock is limestone, it’s hard to get calcium due to clay & permafrost

43
Q

Name a group of birds that isn’t found in the tundra.

A

Woodpeckers

BIOL 2903 (24 decks)

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