Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 2903 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

The HBL is flat & wet, except for this area:

A

Sutton Hills/Ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sutton Hills - characteristics

A
  • Low temperatures + high elevations = species confined here in the HBL
  • Mostly Precambrian Shield rock (1-2B years old), surrounded by younger rock
  • Mostly granite, some diabase
  • Only major source of relief in the HBL - diabase sills
  • Low muskeg, riverbanks, beach ridges lie on flat sedimentary rock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name two birds that nest in the Sutton Hills:

A
  • Common Raven

- Golden Eagle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a disjunct population? + examples (2)

A

A population that is located far from that species’ main population, e.g. rock polypody, alpine brook saxifrage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: overall, the HBL forest region has a lot of relief

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Boreal Forest covers x% of ON:

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What physiographic region contains the Boreal Forest, and what are its characteristics?

A

Canadian Shield

  • Hard, old rock (1-3B years old)
  • Contains silica + quartz
  • Generally acidic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F (x2): the Boreal Forest has little relief and lots of continuous forest

A

False, true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Boreal Forest - southern boundary

A

Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: white & red pines are common in the Boreal Forest

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What trees dominate the Boreal Forest (+ examples)?

A

Conifers: black/white spruce, balsam fir, jack pine (in some regions), tamarack, larch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: a major disturbance (e.g. a fire) could allow other species (e.g. poplar) to grow in the Boreal Forest

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the most common deciduous trees (2) in the Boreal Forest?

A
  • White birch

- Trembling aspen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Boreal Forest characteristics

A
  • Average temperature between 1C and -3C
  • Longer growing season (warm = more decomposition = more soil buildup)
  • More precipitation
  • More relief & variation in site conditions
  • Dominated by conifers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes the variation in site conditions in the Boreal Forest?

A
  • Mountainsides facing different ways

- Varying elevations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does drainage & the type of soil/plants/animals present vary by location in the Boreal Forest?

A
  • Diversity of material on top of bedrock

- Different types of material are deposited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: the Boreal Forest is more diverse than the HBL (if so, why?)

A

True; the larger rocks deposited in the forest suggest a river flowed through, while in the HBL a sea just dropped clay/silt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Eastern Boreal

A

Contained by the southern HBL, James Bay, and the central Boreal Forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Western/Prairie Boreal

A
  • Borders Manitoba

- Contains a lot of jack pines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Clay Belt Boreal

A
  • Rich water

- Contains cattail marshes (only found here in the Boreal Forest)

21
Q

Superior Boreal

A

Located on Lake Superior, which influences its climate

22
Q

Black spruce characteristics

A
  • Needles are grouped individually

- Round needles (i.e. can roll them)

23
Q

White spruce characteristics

A
  • Strong scent
  • Round needles, grouped individually
  • Needles are longer than those of black spruce
  • Branches’ colour differs from the rest of the tree
  • Trees are wider than black spruce, balsam fir
24
Q

Balsam fir characteristics

A
  • Tree is pointed at the top (like a church spire)
  • Flat needles, grouped individually
  • Bumps on bark are filled with resin
  • Hormones used as defense against being eaten [check this??]
25
Q

T/F: tamarack & larch are evergreen trees

A

False; they lose their needles in the winter

26
Q

Name an animal that stores cones from coniferous trees in the winter to have a supply of seeds to eat

A

Red squirrel

27
Q

T/F: the Boreal Forest has more small mammals than the HBL/tundra, so there’s more food for predatory animals

A

True

28
Q

What features of small mammals in the Boreal Forest reflect its warmer climate?

A

Long tail, big ears

29
Q

Examples of animals in the Boreal Forest (4)

A
  • Weasel (e.g. fisher, marten, wolverine)
  • Otters
  • Mink
  • Owls
30
Q

Niche/Resource Partitioning - example w/owls

A

Some owls feed on the same prey, but hunt at different times of day

  • Northern hawk owl - diurnal (hunts in the day)
  • Boreal owl - nocturnal (hunts at night)
  • Great gray owl - crepuscular (hunts at dawn/dusk)
31
Q

White-winged crossbill

A
  • Eats seeds of coniferous trees; opens cones with cross mandibles
  • Irruptive: can arrive in a new area unpredictably & in large numbers
  • fly elsewhere when food supply runs low
32
Q

Canada jays store their food by scatter hoarding, meaning…

A

…the food is deposited over a wide area

  • Canada jays store it under loose bark or lichens (stuck there with saliva)
  • Find it using spatial memory
33
Q

Why do Canada Jays nest early in (winter??)?

A

Allows time for food storage

34
Q

T/F: young Canada Jays are aggressive to each other, and the most dominant one will kick the others out

A

True; Canada Jays can even adopt abandoned offspring if theirs dies

35
Q

Name a bird that eats spruce needles

A

Spruce grouse

36
Q

Sawfly larvae

A
  • Graze on needles
  • > 6 legs
  • Terpenoids for defense
  • A group of larvae will stand up on a leaf in self-defense
37
Q

Balsam fir needles/twigs are a main food source for… in winter

A

Moose

38
Q

T/F: the shape of moose waste differs in different seasons as their diet changes

A

True

39
Q

Moose adaptations for winter

A
  • Long legs to walk in snow

- Antlers fall off, so they expend less energy

40
Q

T/F: moose antlers are calcium-rich, and small mammals will chew on fallen antlers

A

True

41
Q

Snowshoe hare population cycles; what are some causes of a population crash?

A
  • Large fluctuations in numbers; peaks every 10 years

- May crash due to starvation, low birth rate, disease, predation

42
Q

What is the main predator of snowshoe hares? Do they have any other predators?

A

Lynx; owls, red fox, fisher

43
Q

Stress-induced hormonal changes in female snowshoe hares

A

Pregnant females have high stress hormone levels in large populations; they can’t have anymore young, and their female young can’t reproduce either

44
Q

T/F: Lynx populations also go through cycles, 1 year behind that of snowshoe hares

A

True; takes time to exploit the increase in resources (i.e. the hares)

45
Q

Spruce/balsam fir needles are eaten by this caterpillar, that becomes a moth:

A

Spruce budworm

46
Q

If a tree’s needles are eaten by spruce budworm caterpillars, will it immediately die?

A

No; they will grow new needles, but they’ll die if these ones are eaten

47
Q

How do spruce budworm caterpillars enhance the survival of spruce trees?

A

There’s a 7:1 ratio of balsam fir to spruce in the BF; balsam fir grows close to the ground, so they eat more of it, eliminating competition for spruce seedlings

48
Q

T/F: Spruce budworm caterpillars also influence the survival of birds

A

True (but I need to check how!)

BIOL 2903 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions