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BIOL 2903 > Lecture 22 > Flashcards

Lecture 22 Flashcards

1
Q

What do Spiny Softshells eat? How are they adapted to do so?

A

Crayfish; helped by sharp-edged/pointed mouth

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2
Q

These 3 reptiles are found throughout ON, but are at-risk in the Carolinian:

A
  • Eastern foxsnake (endangered)
  • Five-lined skink (endangered)
  • Hognose Snake (threatened)
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3
Q

Between mammals and birds, which is more affected by the lack of connectivity between forest fragments?

A

Mammals

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4
Q

Name a southern species that hits its northern range limits in the Carolinian (hint: it’s a bird).

A

Hooded Warbler

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5
Q

T/F: More Carolinian species are confined to it than for any other forest region

A

True

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6
Q

Tallgrass Prairie

A
  • Rare/endangered Carolinian habitat

- Lacks trees

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7
Q

Where can tallgrass prairies be found in the Carolinian (2)?

A
  • Walpole Island

- Ojibway Prairie

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8
Q

Tallgrass Prairie Species (4)

A
  • Prairie Cord Grass
  • Big Bluestern
  • Indian Grass
  • Stiff-leaved Goldenrod
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9
Q

How do fires maintain prairie habitats?

A
  • Keep vegetation down

- Prevents succession (i.e. forest doesn’t form)

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10
Q

This habitat is found on Walpole Island and contains puccoon, small white lady’s slipper, eastern prairie-fringed orchid, and great plains ladies-tresses.

A

Oak Savanna

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11
Q

When/how did prairie habitats arrive in ON?

A
  • 5-7k years ago, during the Hypsithermal
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12
Q

How much prairie habitat is left in ON today? Why has it decreased so much?

A
  • 175 hecatres

- Agriculture

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13
Q

This provincial park, located on Lake Huron, contains prairie habitat:

A

Pinery Prov. Park

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14
Q

This endangered beetle is an indicator for Pinery Prov. Park:

A

Northern Pines-barren Tiger Beetle

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15
Q

How is the Oak Savanna in Pinery maintained?

A

Controlled burns; reduce ground cover and eliminate non-native species

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16
Q

How has Pinery Prov. Park been affected by Lake Huron?

A
  • Moderated climate
  • Winds from west deposit sand
  • Coastal sand dunes indicate former shoreline
  • Rocks eroded by water
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17
Q

Puccoon is a prairie plant. How is it adapted to dry conditions?

A
  • Hairs trap moisture around the plant

- Long taproot extends up to 2m underground to reach water/moisture

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18
Q

T/F: Hognose snakes reach their northern range limit in Pinery Prov. Park

A

True

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19
Q

Inland sand dunes in Pinery Prov. Park are colonized by this grass:

A

American Beach Grass

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20
Q

This feature of Lake Erie’s shoreline “move,” forming “ridge and trough” physiography

A

Long sand spits/points

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21
Q

Woodland sloughs

A

Troughs filled with water

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22
Q

How do woodland sloughs differ from ephemeral ponds?

A

Woodland sloughs aren’t temporary

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23
Q

3 major sand spits along Lake Erie:

A
  • Long Point
  • Rondeau Prov. Park
  • Point Pelee
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24
Q

Long Point is the _____ longest freshwater peninsula is the world, at 40km long

A

2nd

25
Q

Why are there sand beaches on the west side of Long Point?

A
  • Movement of water

- Winds

26
Q

The Long Point Bird Observatory is dedicated to the study of birds in the area. Where are its two banding stations?

A
  • Old Cut

- Tip

27
Q

The Long Point Bird Observatory founded this organization, whose headquarters are located on Long Point:

A

Bird Studies Canada

28
Q

These animals are found on Long Point (hint: one eats the other):

A
  • Hognose snake

- Fowler’s toad

29
Q

Name two Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in ON:

A
  • Long Point

- James Bay

30
Q

T/F: Long Point is not a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve

A

False

31
Q

T/F: IBAs are protected areas

A

F: govt intervention is actually required for protection

32
Q

This organism in Long Point Prov. Park can transmit Lyme Disease:

A

Black-legged tick

33
Q

Why are ticks spreading northwards?

A

Climate change

34
Q

This animal is a host for Black-legged Ticks:

A

Deer

35
Q

Ticks use this sensory organ to detect heat/CO2 and find hosts

A

Haller’s Organ

36
Q

T/F: When a tick feeds on a person, the transfer of bacteria is immediate

A

F: occurs in the backwash stage, where the tick is filled w/blood and bacteria flows into the host from its gut

37
Q

Trees in Rondeau Prov. Park

A
  • southern deciduous trees
  • white pine
  • tulip-trees
38
Q

Name one bird that can be found in Rondeau (hint: nests in GLSL shrub layer)

A

Wood thrush

39
Q

How did woodland sloughs form in Rondeau?

A

Troughs formed between former beachlines - inland strings of water

40
Q

This endangered cavity-adopter is associated with woodland sloughs:

A

Prothonotary Warbler

41
Q

How do meadow voles benefit from woodland sloughs?

A

They get plants from the water and bring them back to burrows

42
Q

T/F: Point Pelee has the longest growing season in Canada

A

True

43
Q

Why has the sand spit at the end of Point Pelee National Park been eroded?

A

wave action; piers built in Lake Erie changed water flow + direction of waves

44
Q

Why are the large sand beaches in Point Pelee conducive to shorebird migration?

A

Lots of fish in the water (i.e. food)

45
Q

What is the dominant tree in Point Pelee?

A

Hackberry

46
Q

What is unique about poison ivy in Point Pelee?

A

It grows as a vine in Point Pelee, instead of as a small plant

47
Q

Name a southern plant found along Point Pelee’s trails.

A

Redbud

48
Q

What makes Point Pelee have good growing conditions for southern plants?

A
  • Lots of moisture/it’s humid

- Warm climate

49
Q

Gray squirrels can be found in Point Pelee. What two colours do they come in?

A

Gray, black

50
Q

T/F: the Eastern Screech-Owl (the most common one in the Carolinian) is also found throughout the GLSL.

A

F: not found on the Canadian Shield portion

51
Q

How do woodland sloughs “move?”

A

One side of a ridge is eroded while the other is built up

52
Q

Name two animals that live in sloughs in Point Pelee.

A
  • Wood Duck

- Turtles

53
Q

Point Pelee is 6 square miles in size, with 2/3rds of it being taken up by a ______ _____

A

cattail marsh

54
Q

Why is the marsh in Point Pelee burned sometimes?

A

Some species in the marsh (e.g. Swamp Rose Mallow) grow better at the edges of a mat rather than in the middle of a thick one

55
Q

Why are Eastern Moles rarely seen in Point Pelee?

A

They’re usually underground

56
Q

Southern bird species in Point Pelee (4):

A
  • Carolina Wren
  • White-eyed Vireo
  • Yellow-breasted Chat
  • Prothonotary Warbler
57
Q

T/F: Point Pelee is an IBA

A

True

58
Q

Why may trees in Point Pelee not have leaves in May?

A

Lake effect from Lake Erie delays their growth

59
Q

Why do so many birds stop in Point Pelee while migrating northwards?

A

It’s the first land available after flying over Lake Erie

BIOL 2903 (24 decks)

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