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BIOL 2903 > Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do Canada Geese forage while migrating?

A

Fields - can be found in large flocks

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2
Q

Why are there lots of owls in Owl Woods (hint: food)?

Name 3 owls that can be found there.

A

High meadow vole population

  • Northern saw-whet owl
  • Barred owl
  • Long-eared owl
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3
Q

Martin Edwards Reserve

A
  • Limestone shoreline
  • Pond in the area is used to control water levels
  • Migrating shorebirds can be seen feeding on invertebrates in algae
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4
Q

Wilson’s Phalaropes on Amherst Island

A
  • females have multiple mates; they leave the males to incubate them
  • Typically found in the prairies
  • Females have more vibrant colours, and more testosterone than males
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5
Q

What two regions of the GLL have the most alvars in ON?

A
  • Manitoulin Island

- Bruce Peninsula

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6
Q

Alvars on Manitoulin Island and the Bruce Peninsula have dolostone under them. How does it differ from typical limestone?

A

More magnesium in it

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7
Q

What are some rare plants in alvars? Which two are Great Lakes Endemics?

A
  • Fringed Gentian
  • Ram’s head Lady’s Slipper
  • Lakeside Daisy (GL Endemic)
  • Dwarf Lake Iris (GL Endemic)
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8
Q

This plant is a colonizer of sand dunes, found on Manitoulin Island + the Bruce Peninsula:

A

Beach pea

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9
Q

T/F: Manitoulin Island is the second largest freshwater island in the world

A

F: it’s the largest

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10
Q

This N. American endemic grows in the Bruce Peninsula:

A

Hill’s Thistle

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11
Q

These parts of the Bruce Peninsula are located along Lake Huron and have extensive sand deposits (due to wind):

A
  • Sauble Beach

- Port Elgin

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12
Q

Why are some parts of Sauble Beach/Port Elgin closed off?

A

Presence of piping plover nests (as they’re endangered)

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13
Q

Why can fens be found on the Bruce Peninsula?

A
  • More calcium = more nutrients

- Northern location in GLSL

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14
Q

Name two subarctic disjuncts found in the Bruce Peninsula:

A
  • Butterwort

- Alaska Rain Orchid

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15
Q

Why is the Bruce Peninsula known as the “Garden of North America?”

A

Diversity of plants, due to:

  • Location on dolostone = calcium rich soil
  • diversity of habitats
  • Surrounded by water; moderated temp. = longer growing season, more precipitation
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16
Q

T/F: The Bruce Peninsula is not a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve

A

False

17
Q

Calciphilic ferns in the Niagara Escarpment (4):

A
  • Maidenhair spleenwort
  • Walking fern
  • Wall Rue (from Europe)
  • Hart’s-tongue Fern
18
Q

This escarpment starts near Niagara Falls and runs through the Bruce Peninsula to Michigan:

A

Niagara Escarpment

19
Q

The oldest trees in N. America are ______ _____ _____, on the Niagara Escarpment

A

Eastern White Cedars

20
Q

T/F: The Niagara Escarpment is a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve

A

True

21
Q

Rock cut in the Niagara Escarpment revealed an ancient ____ ___

A

coral reef

22
Q

What % of Canada’s area is encompassed by the Carolinian?

A

<0.25%

23
Q

What is the northern boundary of the Carolinian?

A

8C isotherm

24
Q

The Carolinian was covered by this lake, which left behind large sand/clay deposits.

A

Lake Whittlesey, which became Lake Erie

25
Q

The climate of the Carolinian is modified by the Great Lakes. What effects does this have?

A
  • Longest growing season in ON

- warmest average daily temperature

26
Q

T/F: the Carolinian has >30% of all COSEWIC-designated at-risk species in Canada

A

True

27
Q

Name two fossorial animals that benefit from the sand/clay deposits in the Carolinian

A
  • Eastern Mole

- Badger

28
Q

Endangered species in the Carolinian (6):

A
  • Prothonotary Warbler
  • Acadian Flycatcher
  • Spiny Softshell
  • Badger
  • Nodding Pogonia
  • Small-Whorled Pogonia
29
Q

What is the reason for the prevalence of rare species in the Carolinian?

A

Habitat loss

30
Q

T/F: most of the Carolinian forest is still there today

A

False

31
Q

Name two trees that would not be found in the Carolinian forest (hint: both are conifers):

A
  • White spruce

- Balsam fir

32
Q

What trees make up the Carolinian forest?

A
  • Mostly deciduous: Shagbark Hickory, Sassafrass, Hackberry
  • Red cedars
  • White pine
  • Tulip-trees
33
Q

Name two vine species in the Carolinian:

A
  • Virginia Creeper

- Riverbank/Wild Grape

34
Q

Shrub layer in the Carolinian

A
  • Spring ephemerals grow before leaves grow on trees

- Witch hazel, may-apple

35
Q

Animals in the Carolinian (5):

A
  • Eastern Cottontail
  • European Hare
  • Opossum
  • Eastern Foxsnake
  • Massasauga
36
Q

T/F: the Massasauga is endangered in the Carolinian

A

True

37
Q

T/F: opossums have always been widespread in the Carolinian

A

F: were confined to Niagara Falls + Windsor, have since expanded northwards

38
Q

T/F: the Carolinian has low biodiversity

A

False

BIOL 2903 (24 decks)

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