Lecture 1

Question 1

What is biodiversity?

Answer 1

Total number/variety of living things found in an area

Question 2

What do flora/fauna mean?

Answer 2

Plants/animals

Question 3

Ontario’s biodiversity (# of species)

Answer 3

> 100 000

Question 4

Reasons for Ontario’s rich biodiversity

Answer 4

Wide variety of abiotic factors over a large area of land

Question 5

Bedrock

Answer 5

Rock under a given area

Question 6

Igneous Rock + features

Answer 6

Formed by magma cooling underground; hard, not layered, acidic, silica-rich, calcium-poor

Question 7

Granite

Answer 7

Type of igneous rock

Question 8

Basalt

Answer 8

Type of igneous rock that forms above ground

Question 9

Sedimentary Rock + features

Answer 9

Formed when materials settle at the bottom of the ocean and are compressed when the ocean recedes; soft, layered, basic, calcium-rich

Question 10

Limestone

Answer 10

Type of sedimentary rock

Question 11

Reactions w/acid

Answer 11

Sedimentary rock (e.g. limestone - calcium carbonate) reacts with HCl to form calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide

Igenous & metamorphic rock (e.g. granite, gneiss, marble) doesn’t react with acids

Question 12

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 12

Formed when pre-existing rock is transformed by heat/pressure

Question 13

What metamorphic rocks do granite and limestone become?

Answer 13

Gneiss, marble

Question 14

Calciphile - what conditions do they thrive under + example

Answer 14

Plant that intakes a lot of calcium - thrives in basic soil (e.g. poison ivy)

Question 15

Sedimentary rock underlies _____; describe the conditions

Answer 15

flat terrain/lowlands (e.g. Sandbanks); consistent

Question 16

Igneous/Metamorphic rock underlies _____

Answer 16

hilly terrain/mountains/highlands with relief (e.g. Algonquin Park)

Question 17

Relief

Answer 17

Difference in elevation between two points on a mountain; results in microhabitats with varying microclimates, so different species inhabit each one

Question 18

Overburden

Answer 18

Rock/soil on top of bedrock

Question 19

Water + depositing material

Answer 19

Water carries/sorts materials by size and weight; carries smaller materials and leaves larger particles behind

Question 20

What can affect drainage?

Answer 20

Lay of the land, material left behind by glaciers

Question 21

Types of particles, ranked by size

Answer 21

Boulders > gravel > sand > silt > clay

Question 22

Glacial Till

Answer 22

Particles that trap moisture in soil

Question 23

How can minerals in rock become part of the soil?

Answer 23

Rock can break due to water freezing/expanding in its crevices

Question 24

Erratic

Answer 24

Rock that differs from the that that forms the land it’s on; often brought to the area by glaciers

Question 25

What defines each physiographic region?

Answer 25

Rock type, lay of the land

Question 26

What defines each forest/ecological region?

Answer 26

The dominant, canopy-forming trees

Question 27

List of physiographic regions

Answer 27

• Canadian Shield
• Hudson Bay Lowland
• Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland
• Great Lakes Lowland

Question 28

List of forest regions

Answer 28

• Tundra
• Hudson Bay Lowland
• Boreal Forest
• Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowland
• Carolinian

Question 29

Dominant canopy-forming trees - Tundra

Answer 29

no dominant trees forming a canopy, but has small trees

Question 30

Dominant canopy-forming trees - HBL

Answer 30

Largely lacks a canopy, but has scattered trees

Question 31

Dominant canopy-forming trees - Boreal Forest

Answer 31

largely coniferous trees, but differs across the region

Question 32

Dominant canopy-forming trees - GL-Sl

Answer 32

Boreal/Carolinian blend

Question 33

Dominant canopy-forming trees - Carolinian

Answer 33

Trees that aren’t found elsewhere in ON (e.g. oaks, tulip trees)