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BPM DLA1 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of epithelial tissues (5)

A

Absorption, protection, secretion, excretion, sensory

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2
Q

How does epithelium obtain oxygen and nutrients?

A

By diffusion from underlying connective tissue, because they are avascular.

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3
Q

3 principal characteristics of epithelium

A
  1. cells are closely apposed&adhere to each other (specialized cell to cell junction)
  2. exhibit functional & molecular polarity (3 surface domains)
  3. basal surface attached to underlying basement membrane (cell to matrix junction)
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4
Q

what are 3 surface domains?

A
  1. free surface/apical domain
  2. lateral domain
  3. basal domain
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5
Q

Lateral cell membrane junctions (4)

A
  1. Occluding junction (tight junction)
  2. Anchoring junction (adhering junctions & desmosomes)
  3. Communicating junction (gap junctions)
  4. morphologic specialization (lateral cell surface folds ; plecae)
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6
Q

Zonula occludens

A

Tight junction

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7
Q

Zonula adherens

A

Adhering junctions

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8
Q

Macula adherens

A

desmosomes

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9
Q

plicae

A

Lateral cell surface folds

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10
Q

Functions of zonula occludens

A

to seal off, separating the luminal space from intercellular space and connective tissue compartment

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11
Q

transmembrane proteins for occluding junctions

A

claudin, and occludins, ZO-1

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12
Q

Role of occludin

A

maintains barrier between apical and lateral cell surface

keeps the junction tight

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13
Q

Role of claudin

A

forms and regulates aqueous channels used for paracellular diffusion (transport of water paracellularly)

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14
Q

What determines permeability through paracellular pathway via occluding junctions?

A
  1. number of occluding strands
  2. Complexity
  3. Presence of claudins (aqueous channels)
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15
Q

Role of ZO-1

A

Interact with actin filaments, important link in transduction of signals

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16
Q

Which type of cytoskeleton is present in occluding junction?

A

actin

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17
Q

What are 2 types of anchoring junctions?

A
  1. adhering junctions (zonula adherens)

2. Desmosomes (Macula adherens)

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18
Q

Function of adhering junctions

A

helps to attach adjacent cells (15-20nm apart, so has intercellular space)

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19
Q

protein for adhering junction

A

E-cadherin (calcium dependent)

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20
Q

type of cytoskeleton in adhering junction

A

actin

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21
Q

proteins for desmosomes (macula adherens)

A

desmoplakins, plakoglobins

desmocolin, desmoglein

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22
Q

what is demosomal attachment plaque made up of?

A

desmoplakins and plakoglobin

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23
Q

Where is desmocolin and desmoglein attached to?

A

desmosomal attachment plaque

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24
Q

What is the function of desmosomal attachment plaque?

A

Interact with intermediate filament

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25
type of cytoskeleton in desmosome
intermediate filament
26
Purpose of gap junction
to communicate between cells
27
What is gap junction made up of?
half channel formed by 6 connexin
28
How is gap junction open?
calcium concentration decrease
29
What is the purpose of lateral interdigitation?
increase lateral cell surface area to increase fluid volume intercellular space in case it accumulates n the space until driven into underlying connective tissue.
30
2 Types of basal membrane cell junctions
1. Focal adhesion | 2. Hemidesmosomes
31
What is basal lamina composed of (3)?
1. Laminin 2. Type IV collagen 3. Proteoglycan & glycoproteins
32
Function of basal lamina (5)
1. Structural attachment 2. Compartmentalization 3. Filtration 4. Tissue scaffolding 5. Regulation and signaling
33
2 layers of basal lamina
1. Lamina lucida | 2. Lamina densa
34
What is under basal lamina?
reticular lamina
35
What is basement membrane composed of? (3)
Lamina lucida Lamina densa Reticular lamina
36
Purpose of hemidesmosome
helps to anchor epithelial cells(intermediate filaments) to basement membrane
37
protein for hemidesmosome
integrins
38
cytoskeleton for hemidesmosome
intermediat filaments
39
What is hemidesmosome?
cell to extracellular matrix junction | half of desmosome that it only has one attachment plaque
40
What is a disease Bullous Pemphigoid
Disease characterized by blister formation at epithelium attachment to basement membrane
41
cytoskeleton for focal adhesion
actin microfilament
42
Link between actin microfilaments of cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, playing a role in signal transduction
Focal adhesion
43
Proteins for focal adhesion (2)
integrin, actin binding proteins
44
purpose of focal adhesion
anchors the actin microfilament to the extracellular matrix
45
purpose of basal infoldings
to increase the surface area of the basal domain, allowing for more transport proteins and channels to be present
46
What types of cells have well-developed basal infolding (2)?
1. Kidney tubule 2. Striated ducts of exocrine glands cells that perform active transport of molecules
47
3 types of exocrine glands
1. Merocrine 2. Apocrine 3. Holocrine
48
What is merocrine?
exocytosis of membrane-bound vesicles
49
What is apocrine
Product of released at apical surface surrounded by envelope of cell membrane ex) mammary gland
50
What is Holocrine
programmed cell death release secretory product and cell debris (sebaceous glands of skin)
51
What is endocrine glands?
secrete products into the connective tissue and then entering bloodstream
52
paracrine signalling?
secreting to nearby cells
53
autocrine signalling?
secreting to the same cell itself
54
What is the difference in gland formation between exocrine and endocrine glands?
After proliferation and invagination of cells into connective tissue, duct cells disappear for endocrine glands.
55
3 shapes of secretory cells
1. tubular 2. Alvelolar (acinar) 3. Tubuloalveolar (tube ends in dilation)
56
Typical location of simple tubular gland
large intestine
57
Typical location of simple coiled tubular
Skin sweat gland
58
Typical location of simple branched tubular
stomach (pylorus) and uterus
59
Typical location of simple acinar
urethra
60
Typical location of branched acinar
stomach(cardia) and skin(sebaceous gland)
61
Typical location of compound tubular
duodenum
62
Typical location of compound acinar
Pancreas (exocrine portion)
63
Typical location of compound tubuloacinar
submandibular salivary gland
64
3 types of secretion
1. serous 2. mucous 3. mixed
65
characteristics of serous gland (4)
1. watery 2. oval, rounded nuclei 3. apical cytoplasm filled granules stained with eosin 4. perinuclear cytoplasm is basophilicdue to rER
66
Example of serous gland
exocrine pancreas, parotid salivary gland
67
Chracteristics of mucous gland
1. slimy/viscous 2. nuclei are flattened and compressed to the edge of cell 3. PAS positive (purple color) 4. Mucinogen granules (appear empty in H&E staining)
68
Example of mixed gland
submandibular gland / sublingual gland
69
Sublingual gland has more serous or mucous?
Mucous
70
Submandibular gland has more serous or mucous?
serous
71
What types of secretion does parotid gland secrete?
serous

BPM DLA1 (47 decks)

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