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BPM DLA1 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of epithelial tissues (5)

A

Absorption, protection, secretion, excretion, sensory

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2
Q

How does epithelium obtain oxygen and nutrients?

A

By diffusion from underlying connective tissue, because they are avascular.

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3
Q

3 principal characteristics of epithelium

A
  1. cells are closely apposed&adhere to each other (specialized cell to cell junction)
  2. exhibit functional & molecular polarity (3 surface domains)
  3. basal surface attached to underlying basement membrane (cell to matrix junction)
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4
Q

what are 3 surface domains?

A
  1. free surface/apical domain
  2. lateral domain
  3. basal domain
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5
Q

Lateral cell membrane junctions (4)

A
  1. Occluding junction (tight junction)
  2. Anchoring junction (adhering junctions & desmosomes)
  3. Communicating junction (gap junctions)
  4. morphologic specialization (lateral cell surface folds ; plecae)
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6
Q

Zonula occludens

A

Tight junction

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7
Q

Zonula adherens

A

Adhering junctions

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8
Q

Macula adherens

A

desmosomes

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9
Q

plicae

A

Lateral cell surface folds

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10
Q

Functions of zonula occludens

A

to seal off, separating the luminal space from intercellular space and connective tissue compartment

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11
Q

transmembrane proteins for occluding junctions

A

claudin, and occludins, ZO-1

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12
Q

Role of occludin

A

maintains barrier between apical and lateral cell surface

keeps the junction tight

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13
Q

Role of claudin

A

forms and regulates aqueous channels used for paracellular diffusion (transport of water paracellularly)

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14
Q

What determines permeability through paracellular pathway via occluding junctions?

A
  1. number of occluding strands
  2. Complexity
  3. Presence of claudins (aqueous channels)
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15
Q

Role of ZO-1

A

Interact with actin filaments, important link in transduction of signals

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16
Q

Which type of cytoskeleton is present in occluding junction?

A

actin

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17
Q

What are 2 types of anchoring junctions?

A
  1. adhering junctions (zonula adherens)

2. Desmosomes (Macula adherens)

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18
Q

Function of adhering junctions

A

helps to attach adjacent cells (15-20nm apart, so has intercellular space)

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19
Q

protein for adhering junction

A

E-cadherin (calcium dependent)

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20
Q

type of cytoskeleton in adhering junction

A

actin

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21
Q

proteins for desmosomes (macula adherens)

A

desmoplakins, plakoglobins

desmocolin, desmoglein

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22
Q

what is demosomal attachment plaque made up of?

A

desmoplakins and plakoglobin

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23
Q

Where is desmocolin and desmoglein attached to?

A

desmosomal attachment plaque

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24
Q

What is the function of desmosomal attachment plaque?

A

Interact with intermediate filament

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25
Q

type of cytoskeleton in desmosome

A

intermediate filament

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26
Q

Purpose of gap junction

A

to communicate between cells

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27
Q

What is gap junction made up of?

A

half channel formed by 6 connexin

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28
Q

How is gap junction open?

A

calcium concentration decrease

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29
Q

What is the purpose of lateral interdigitation?

A

increase lateral cell surface area to increase fluid volume intercellular space in case it accumulates n the space until driven into underlying connective tissue.

30
Q

2 Types of basal membrane cell junctions

A
  1. Focal adhesion

2. Hemidesmosomes

31
Q

What is basal lamina composed of (3)?

A
  1. Laminin
  2. Type IV collagen
  3. Proteoglycan & glycoproteins
32
Q

Function of basal lamina (5)

A
  1. Structural attachment
  2. Compartmentalization
  3. Filtration
  4. Tissue scaffolding
  5. Regulation and signaling
33
Q

2 layers of basal lamina

A
  1. Lamina lucida

2. Lamina densa

34
Q

What is under basal lamina?

A

reticular lamina

35
Q

What is basement membrane composed of? (3)

A

Lamina lucida
Lamina densa
Reticular lamina

36
Q

Purpose of hemidesmosome

A

helps to anchor epithelial cells(intermediate filaments) to basement membrane

37
Q

protein for hemidesmosome

38
Q

cytoskeleton for hemidesmosome

A

intermediat filaments

39
Q

What is hemidesmosome?

A

cell to extracellular matrix junction

half of desmosome that it only has one attachment plaque

40
Q

What is a disease Bullous Pemphigoid

A

Disease characterized by blister formation at epithelium attachment to basement membrane

41
Q

cytoskeleton for focal adhesion

A

actin microfilament

42
Q

Link between actin microfilaments of cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, playing a role in signal transduction

A

Focal adhesion

43
Q

Proteins for focal adhesion (2)

A

integrin, actin binding proteins

44
Q

purpose of focal adhesion

A

anchors the actin microfilament to the extracellular matrix

45
Q

purpose of basal infoldings

A

to increase the surface area of the basal domain, allowing for more transport proteins and channels to be present

46
Q

What types of cells have well-developed basal infolding (2)?

A
  1. Kidney tubule
  2. Striated ducts of exocrine glands
    cells that perform active transport of molecules
47
Q

3 types of exocrine glands

A
  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holocrine
48
Q

What is merocrine?

A

exocytosis of membrane-bound vesicles

49
Q

What is apocrine

A

Product of released at apical surface surrounded by envelope of cell membrane
ex) mammary gland

50
Q

What is Holocrine

A

programmed cell death release secretory product and cell debris (sebaceous glands of skin)

51
Q

What is endocrine glands?

A

secrete products into the connective tissue and then entering bloodstream

52
Q

paracrine signalling?

A

secreting to nearby cells

53
Q

autocrine signalling?

A

secreting to the same cell itself

54
Q

What is the difference in gland formation between exocrine and endocrine glands?

A

After proliferation and invagination of cells into connective tissue, duct cells disappear for endocrine glands.

55
Q

3 shapes of secretory cells

A
  1. tubular
  2. Alvelolar (acinar)
  3. Tubuloalveolar (tube ends in dilation)
56
Q

Typical location of simple tubular gland

A

large intestine

57
Q

Typical location of simple coiled tubular

A

Skin sweat gland

58
Q

Typical location of simple branched tubular

A

stomach (pylorus) and uterus

59
Q

Typical location of simple acinar

60
Q

Typical location of branched acinar

A

stomach(cardia) and skin(sebaceous gland)

61
Q

Typical location of compound tubular

62
Q

Typical location of compound acinar

A

Pancreas (exocrine portion)

63
Q

Typical location of compound tubuloacinar

A

submandibular salivary gland

64
Q

3 types of secretion

A
  1. serous
  2. mucous
  3. mixed
65
Q

characteristics of serous gland (4)

A
  1. watery
  2. oval, rounded nuclei
  3. apical cytoplasm filled granules stained with eosin
  4. perinuclear cytoplasm is basophilicdue to rER
66
Q

Example of serous gland

A

exocrine pancreas, parotid salivary gland

67
Q

Chracteristics of mucous gland

A
  1. slimy/viscous
  2. nuclei are flattened and compressed to the edge of cell
  3. PAS positive (purple color)
  4. Mucinogen granules (appear empty in H&E staining)
68
Q

Example of mixed gland

A

submandibular gland / sublingual gland

69
Q

Sublingual gland has more serous or mucous?

70
Q

Submandibular gland has more serous or mucous?

71
Q

What types of secretion does parotid gland secrete?

BPM DLA1 (47 decks)

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