Lecture 19 Flashcards
What is Vmax
measure of the catalytic effectiveness of the enzyme
higher the Vmax, more product formed per minute
What is Km (Michaelis constant)?
concentration of a substrate necessary to produce half of Vmax
At high concentration of substrate, what is the order of reaction and why?
Zero order, because reaction is independent of substrate concentration ([s]»>Km)
At low concentration of substrate, what is the order of reaction and why?
First order, because reaction is dependent on substrate concentration. ([s]<
What does it mean if there is increase in Km?
The enzyme reflects a low affinity of enzyme for the substrate.
How is Km related to affinity of enzyme for substrate?
Smaller the Km, larger the affinity of enzyme.
Michaelis and Menten equation
V = [Vmax * [S]] / Km+[S]
Lineweaver and Burk equation
1/V = [Km + [S]] / Vmax * [S]
What does y-intercept mean in Linewevaer and Burk graph?
1/Vmax
What does X-intercept mean in Linewevaer and Burk graph?
-1/Km
2 types of inhibition
irreversible and reversible
What bond is formed for irreversible inhibition?
covalent bond
3 types of reversible inhibition
Competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive
How can competitive inhibition overcome?
increase substrate concentration
Example of competitive inhibitor
Statin (Lovastatin)
Use and Mechanism of statin
Statin is used to decrease blood cholesterol level. Statin blocks HMG-CoA reductase, which make cholesterol. So since cholesterol is not synthesized in liver cell, cells draws cholesterol from blood, lowering blood cholesterol level.
What is the kinetic effect of competitive inhibitor
Unchanged Vmax, increased Km
Effect of competitive inhibitor on Lineweaver-Burk plot
steeper curve with same y intercept (Same 1/Vmax)
Role of non-competitive inhibitor
interact with functional groups other than those at active site, so interact with both enzyme and ES complex.
Can non-competitive inhibitor overcome by increase in [S]?
NO
Kinetic effect of noncompetitive inhibitor
Vmax decreased, Km unchaged
Effect of noncompetitive inhibitor on Lineweaver-Burk plot
increased y intercept (1/Vmax), Same x intercept
As the concentration of noncompetitive inhibitor increase, graph gets steeper but Km stays the same.
Example of irreversible inhibitors (4)
Heavy metals
- PB
- Organophosphates
- Cyanide, sulfide
- Aspirin
Target enzyme of organophosphate
acetylcholinesterase