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BPM DLA1 > Lecture 28 > Flashcards

Lecture 28 Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between parenchyma and stroma

A

parenchyma : functional cellular unit (eg : epithelium, nerve, muscle)
Stroma : supporting structure such as connective tissue

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2
Q

What is ECM made up of (3)

A

Fibers
Ground substance (GAG, proteoglycan, glycoprotein)
Tissue fluid

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3
Q

Function of connective tissue

A

support, defense, repair, nutrition

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4
Q

What is connective tissue made up of?

A

Cell & ECM

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5
Q

Is connective tissue supplied by blood vessels and nerve?

A

YES, it should be so it supplies nutrients to avascular epithelial cells

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6
Q

Difference between permanent and transient cells of connective tissue

A

permanent : those that stay in connective tissue (fibroblast or macrophage, adipocytes, stem cells, mast cells)
Transient : those that come to connective tissue for an event (basophil eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocytes, plasma cells)

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7
Q

Different types of fibers in connective tissue (3)

A

collagen, laminin, elastic

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8
Q

Types of collagen I, II, III, IV

A

Type I : collagen found in mainly in ECM (heterotrimeric : triple helix)
Type II : cartilage
Type III : Reticular fiber (lymph, liver)
Type IV : basement membrane

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9
Q

2 types of embryonic connective tissue

A
  1. Mesenchyme

2. Mucous connective tissue

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10
Q

Features of mucous connective tissue

A
  • found in new borns
  • Few cells
  • Few fibers
  • Abundant ground substances and tissue fluid
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11
Q

Where are mucous connective tissue found?

A

Umbilical cord (Wharton’s jelly)
Cardiac jelly
Vitreous humor in eye

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12
Q

Which germ layer form almost all connective tissue?

A

mesoderm

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13
Q

Difference in cell shapes of mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue

A

mesenchyme : spindle like thin cell shape
mucous : star shaped fibroblasts with sparse reticular fibers
Both have abundant ground substance

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14
Q

Features of loose (areolar) connective tissue

A

Abundant cells of various types
Few fibers
Abundant ground substance

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15
Q

Characteristics of loose connective tissue (3)

A
  • flexible, not resistant to stress
  • rich in blood supply
  • fill spaces between other tissues
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16
Q

Location of loose connective tissue (4)

A
  • beneath epithelia surface (for providing nutrients to epithelium) = dermis
  • surrounds glands and smallest blood vessels and nerves
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17
Q

Staining for loose connective tissue

A

Mesentery Verhoeff’s hematoxylin

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18
Q

What is lamina propria?

A

a thin layer of loose areolar connective tissue part of mucosa

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19
Q

Where is lamina propria found? (3)

A

lining of respiratory tract
GI tract
Urogenital tract

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20
Q

Features of dense irregular connective tissue

A
  • few cells of single type : fibroblasts - produce fiber and ground substance
  • abundant fibers mostly collagen
  • little ground substance
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21
Q

Function of irregular connective tissue

A

No orientation of collagen fibers so it is resistance to stress in all directions
- significant support to organs and structures (organs capsule, periosteum, dermis)

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22
Q

Another name of Irregular dense connective tissue (2)

A

Reticular layer or deep layer

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23
Q

Feature of dense regular connective tissue

A
  • few cells of single type : fibroblasts: aligned between fiber bundles
  • Abundant fibers mostly collagen fibers arranged in a specific orientation
  • little ground substance
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24
Q

Where is dense regular connective tissue found? (2)

A

tendons/ligament

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25
Function of dense regular connective tissue?
tensile strength
26
What are endotendineum, peritendineum, and epitendineum?
Endotendineum : connective tissue covering around a group of collagen fiber (contain blood vessels for blood supply) Peritendineum : covering around a group of fascicles Epitendineum : covering an entire tendon
27
Function of reticular connective tissue
framework for myeloid (bone marrow), lymphoid organ (lymph node/spleen), liver
28
Features of reticular connective tissue
reticular cells are modified fibroblasts that its cytoplasmic extensions cover reticular fiber
29
Which cells produce elastic connective tissue? (2)
fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells
30
Where are elastic connective tissues found? (4)
elastic arteries, elastic cartilage, vocal ligament, suspensory ligament of penis, elastic aorta
31
Staining of elastic connective tissue
orcein, resorcin or verhoeff's
32
Difference between white and brown adipose tissue
white adipose tissue - nucleus and cytoplasm to periphery - one lipid droplet - function : fat storage Brown - central nucleus with many lipid droplets - function: energy release (rich in mitochondria)
33
Relationship between aged skin and collagen fiber
Aged skin decreased production of type I and type III collagen fiber and elastic fibers, leading to stretched skin
34
Difference between hypertrophic and keloid scar
hypertrophic scar : raised than normal, but within original wound boundary, Keloid scar : in excess of boundary, extending into surrounding tissue *caused by increased collagen production
35
How is edema caused?
due to protein deficiency in vessels (eg albumin), tissue fluid increases
36
is sulfated proteoglycan basophilic or eosinophilic?
basophilic
37
What are the active and inactive type of fibroblasts and their shapes?
``` Active = fibroblasts (more branched and larger) Inactive = fibrocytes (no branch, smaller) ```
38
What is myofibroblasts?
fibroblasts that have contractile filament | With contractile filament, it can contract the edge of wound and speed up wound healing.
39
major energy source of adipocyte
triglyceride
40
main function of brown adipose tissue (2)
heat production, energy production
41
specialized locations of brown adipose tissue (2)
body neck, abdomen of neonates
42
From which cell is macrophage derived?
from monocytes. Monocyte migrate to connective tissue and differentiate to macrophages
43
macrophages in liver
Kupffer cells
44
Macrophages in brain
microglia
45
Macrophage in bone
osteoclasts
46
Morphology of macrophage
irregular cell membrane | - cytoplasmic extensions (pseudopodia)
47
Roles of macrophage (3)
- phagocytic - produce cytokines - antigen presenting cells
48
Where does mast cell originate from?
originate in bone marrow from precursor cells lacking cytoplasmic granules, then it migrate to connective tissue or lamina propria of mucosa to proliferate and accumulate cytoplasmic granules
49
Staining mast cell and its granule (2)
Using toluidine blue - dye color is purple red, but staining is blue (metachromasia) - Granule staining with PAS
50
Origin of basophil
bone marrow
51
Morphology of lymphocyte
small spherical cell with condenced basophilic nucleus and narrow cytoplasm
52
two types of lymphocyte
B and T cells
53
What does B-lymphocyte develop into?
plasma cells
54
Role of plasma cells
synthesize and secrete single class of immunoglobulin (glycoprotein)
55
Morphology of plasma cell when stained (3)
- basophilic cytoplasm (large RER) - clockface nucleus- peculiar distribution of chromatin - negative golgi (slightly brighter close to nucleus since golgi is acidophilic)
56
Morphology of eosinophils (2)
- eosinophilic granules (red) in cytoplasm | - condensed bilobed nucleus
57
Role of eosinophils (2)
- kills parasitic worms | - phagocytosis of antibody
58
What is the first type of collagen synthesized during wound healing?
Reticular fibers
59
3 developmental stages of elastic fiber
1st : oxytalan 2nd: elaunin 3rd : elastic
60
is fibrillin of elastic fiber protein or glycoprotein?
glycoprotein
61
Examples of glycoprotein in ground substance
adhesion molecules - fibronectin, chonderonectin, laminin | integrins - cell surface receptors that bind cells to matrix

BPM DLA1 (47 decks)

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