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Microbiology Exam 1 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

Learn about Animate Medias

1
Q

Define animate media

A

Alive/complex media

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2
Q

What does complex mean?

A

Alive

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3
Q

T or F- Things don’t need to be cellular to be alive

A

False

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4
Q

Define hypotrophs

A

Obligate parasites that need to grow on living organisms

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5
Q

T or F- Animate media cannot grow obligate parasites

A

False, it can grow obligate parasites

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6
Q

What are Cell or Tissue medias?

A

A medium within a medium; you need to grow out cell or tissue samples to then grow out the organism you really want. Commonly uses skin cells, liver cells, or kidney cells

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7
Q

How do you make mediums within mediums?

A

start with a liquid medium to grow cells until they become a monolayer and then grow your viruses/hypotrophic organisms

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8
Q

What are cytopathic effects? (CPE)

A

Damage to the cell caused by viruses

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9
Q

Name 3 types of cytopathic effects?

A
  1. Giant cells
  2. Plaquing
  3. Inclusion Bodies
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10
Q

What is inclusion bodies an example of?

A

Cytopathic Effects

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11
Q

T or F- Damage to the cell caused by bacteria are cytopathic effects

A

False, it is damage caused by viruses

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12
Q

What is giant cells?

A

An effect that causes several different cells to fuse together to make a huge multinucleated cell

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13
Q

T or F- Giant cells have a single nucleolus

A

False, they have multiple

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14
Q

What viruses can cause giant cells?

A

Herpes simplex

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15
Q

Does herpes simplex cause giant cells?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Does AIDS cause giant cells?

A

No

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17
Q

Does Hepatitis B cause giant cells?

A

No

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18
Q

T or F- Bacteria can cause giant cells

A

False, giant cells is a type of cytopathic effect, which is defined by being caused by a virus

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19
Q

Define inclusion bodies

A

Added features that can be either intracytoplasmic or intrenuclear

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20
Q

Where can inclusion bodies be?

A

Intracytoplasmic or intranuclear

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21
Q

Name an intracytoplasmic inclusion, and what causes it

A

Negri bodies, caused by rabies

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22
Q

T or F- Rabies causes intranuclear cytopathic effects

A

False, rabies causes intracytoplasmic effects

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23
Q

What can cause intranuclear inclusion bodies?

A

Cytomegalo virus (CMV), which is an asymptomatic herpes virus. It can also call giant cells

24
Q

T or F- Rabies can cause giant cells

25
What is plaquing techniques
An example of cytopathic effects wherein the virus causes dark rings around teh cell, called plaques. This enumerates the virus
26
What do viruses do to enumerate themselves?
Plaquing
27
What virus is capable of plaquing?
Polio, which ends up making the cell lysis
28
Define lysis
Cell disintegration
29
T or F- Rabies causes lysis
False, rabies create intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies called Negri bodies
30
Name the types of animate media
1. Cell or tissue culture 2. Embryonated Eggs 3. Intact animal or plant recombination
31
What are embryonated eggs used for?
It is used to make a flu vaccine, as well as to grow chlamydae and rickettsiae
32
Is the egg a sterile medium?
No, the egg is not a sterile medium
33
T or F- The vaccines prefer specific area of the egg to be grown in
True, every vaccine grows best in a certain area
34
What virus is grown in rabbits?
Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis
35
What virus is grown in monkeys?
Hepatitis B, and it is a very expensive process and now replaced with recombinant technology
36
Mycobacterium laprae is grown in what animal?
Armadillos and chimps
37
What are the requirements of a culture medium?
1. Moisture 2. Food in a utilizable form 3. pH 4. Sterility 5. Injurious chemicals 6. Tonicity 7. Temperature 8. Gas
38
What is the ideal moisture in a culture medium?
75-95% water beause most bacteria are absorptive heterotrophs
39
What kind of food do you need for an autotroph
The correct inorganic materials
40
What food do you need for a heterotroph
The correct organic materials (amino acids, carbohydrates)
41
What is the best pH to grow organisms?
6.5-7.2
42
T or F- pH is constant in a medium
False, pH can change as the organism digests food, and can only be stopped by a buffer
43
What buffers an prevent pH change?
Peptone or caseline hydrolysate
44
How do you sterilize a medium?
Autoclave it at 121.5*C
45
What is a mixed culture?
A culture with 2+ bacteria
46
What is a pure culture?
A culture with only 1 bacteria
47
You are trying to grow nematodes and infuse the medium with e.coli. Is this a pure or mixed culture?
It is a mixed culture because the e.coli are alive
48
What are some injurious chemicals?
1. Agar, which comes from red algae because it can have addition chemicals/proprieties if not cleaned correctly 2. Water, which is capable of breaking town machines 3. Soda glass, which has too much sodium
49
T or F- Water is an injurious chemical because it ha too much sodium
False, soda glass has too much sodium
50
T or F- Agar needs to be cleaned properly before being used in a medium
True, since agar comes from red algae, it can contain extra properties if not cleaned
51
T or F- Agar comes from green algae
False, it comes from red algae
52
What are the three tonicities?
1. Hypertonic 2. Hypotonic 3. Isotonic
53
T or F- You want you medium to be slightly hypotonic
True, this allows the bacteria to have water go into it, making it slightly turgid
54
T or F- Isotonic solutions are the best for bacteria
False, isotonic solutions will leave your bacteria looking flaccid
55
T or F- Bacteria will only be flaccid in a hypertonic solution
False, it will also look flaccid in an isotonic solution
56
Explain what happens to a bacteria in a hypertonic solution
Water leaves the bacteria and goes into the environment, leaving the bacteria looking flaccid
57
T or F- all organisms are culturable
False, lots of organisms are unculturable

Microbiology Exam 1 (13 decks)

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