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Microbiology Exam 1 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

Learn about Animate Medias

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1
Q

Define animate media

A

Alive/complex media

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2
Q

What does complex mean?

A

Alive

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3
Q

T or F- Things don’t need to be cellular to be alive

A

False

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4
Q

Define hypotrophs

A

Obligate parasites that need to grow on living organisms

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5
Q

T or F- Animate media cannot grow obligate parasites

A

False, it can grow obligate parasites

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6
Q

What are Cell or Tissue medias?

A

A medium within a medium; you need to grow out cell or tissue samples to then grow out the organism you really want. Commonly uses skin cells, liver cells, or kidney cells

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7
Q

How do you make mediums within mediums?

A

start with a liquid medium to grow cells until they become a monolayer and then grow your viruses/hypotrophic organisms

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8
Q

What are cytopathic effects? (CPE)

A

Damage to the cell caused by viruses

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9
Q

Name 3 types of cytopathic effects?

A
  1. Giant cells
  2. Plaquing
  3. Inclusion Bodies
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10
Q

What is inclusion bodies an example of?

A

Cytopathic Effects

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11
Q

T or F- Damage to the cell caused by bacteria are cytopathic effects

A

False, it is damage caused by viruses

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12
Q

What is giant cells?

A

An effect that causes several different cells to fuse together to make a huge multinucleated cell

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13
Q

T or F- Giant cells have a single nucleolus

A

False, they have multiple

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14
Q

What viruses can cause giant cells?

A

Herpes simplex

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15
Q

Does herpes simplex cause giant cells?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Does AIDS cause giant cells?

A

No

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17
Q

Does Hepatitis B cause giant cells?

A

No

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18
Q

T or F- Bacteria can cause giant cells

A

False, giant cells is a type of cytopathic effect, which is defined by being caused by a virus

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19
Q

Define inclusion bodies

A

Added features that can be either intracytoplasmic or intrenuclear

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20
Q

Where can inclusion bodies be?

A

Intracytoplasmic or intranuclear

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21
Q

Name an intracytoplasmic inclusion, and what causes it

A

Negri bodies, caused by rabies

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22
Q

T or F- Rabies causes intranuclear cytopathic effects

A

False, rabies causes intracytoplasmic effects

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23
Q

What can cause intranuclear inclusion bodies?

A

Cytomegalo virus (CMV), which is an asymptomatic herpes virus. It can also call giant cells

24
Q

T or F- Rabies can cause giant cells

A

False

25
Q

What is plaquing techniques

A

An example of cytopathic effects wherein the virus causes dark rings around teh cell, called plaques. This enumerates the virus

26
Q

What do viruses do to enumerate themselves?

A

Plaquing

27
Q

What virus is capable of plaquing?

A

Polio, which ends up making the cell lysis

28
Q

Define lysis

A

Cell disintegration

29
Q

T or F- Rabies causes lysis

A

False, rabies create intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies called Negri bodies

30
Q

Name the types of animate media

A
  1. Cell or tissue culture
  2. Embryonated Eggs
  3. Intact animal or plant recombination
31
Q

What are embryonated eggs used for?

A

It is used to make a flu vaccine, as well as to grow chlamydae and rickettsiae

32
Q

Is the egg a sterile medium?

A

No, the egg is not a sterile medium

33
Q

T or F- The vaccines prefer specific area of the egg to be grown in

A

True, every vaccine grows best in a certain area

34
Q

What virus is grown in rabbits?

A

Treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis

35
Q

What virus is grown in monkeys?

A

Hepatitis B, and it is a very expensive process and now replaced with recombinant technology

36
Q

Mycobacterium laprae is grown in what animal?

A

Armadillos and chimps

37
Q

What are the requirements of a culture medium?

A
  1. Moisture
  2. Food in a utilizable form
  3. pH
  4. Sterility
  5. Injurious chemicals
  6. Tonicity
  7. Temperature
  8. Gas
38
Q

What is the ideal moisture in a culture medium?

A

75-95% water beause most bacteria are absorptive heterotrophs

39
Q

What kind of food do you need for an autotroph

A

The correct inorganic materials

40
Q

What food do you need for a heterotroph

A

The correct organic materials (amino acids, carbohydrates)

41
Q

What is the best pH to grow organisms?

A

6.5-7.2

42
Q

T or F- pH is constant in a medium

A

False, pH can change as the organism digests food, and can only be stopped by a buffer

43
Q

What buffers an prevent pH change?

A

Peptone or caseline hydrolysate

44
Q

How do you sterilize a medium?

A

Autoclave it at 121.5*C

45
Q

What is a mixed culture?

A

A culture with 2+ bacteria

46
Q

What is a pure culture?

A

A culture with only 1 bacteria

47
Q

You are trying to grow nematodes and infuse the medium with e.coli. Is this a pure or mixed culture?

A

It is a mixed culture because the e.coli are alive

48
Q

What are some injurious chemicals?

A
  1. Agar, which comes from red algae because it can have addition chemicals/proprieties if not cleaned correctly
  2. Water, which is capable of breaking town machines
  3. Soda glass, which has too much sodium
49
Q

T or F- Water is an injurious chemical because it ha too much sodium

A

False, soda glass has too much sodium

50
Q

T or F- Agar needs to be cleaned properly before being used in a medium

A

True, since agar comes from red algae, it can contain extra properties if not cleaned

51
Q

T or F- Agar comes from green algae

A

False, it comes from red algae

52
Q

What are the three tonicities?

A
  1. Hypertonic
  2. Hypotonic
  3. Isotonic
53
Q

T or F- You want you medium to be slightly hypotonic

A

True, this allows the bacteria to have water go into it, making it slightly turgid

54
Q

T or F- Isotonic solutions are the best for bacteria

A

False, isotonic solutions will leave your bacteria looking flaccid

55
Q

T or F- Bacteria will only be flaccid in a hypertonic solution

A

False, it will also look flaccid in an isotonic solution

56
Q

Explain what happens to a bacteria in a hypertonic solution

A

Water leaves the bacteria and goes into the environment, leaving the bacteria looking flaccid

57
Q

T or F- all organisms are culturable

A

False, lots of organisms are unculturable

Microbiology Exam 1 (13 decks)

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