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Microbiology Exam 1 > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

Learn about Variations

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define a variation

A

When a bacterial cell is different from its parent cell (has new characteristics)

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2
Q

What is is called when a bacterial cell has new characteristics when compared to the parent cells?

A

A variation

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3
Q

Name the different types of pehnotypic variations

A

Morphological, Cultural, and Physiological

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4
Q

Define a phenotypic variation

A
  1. Temporary (can be reverted
  2. Changes the expression of a gene (not a mutation)
  3. Common (induced by the environment)
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5
Q

Are phenotypic changes permanent?

A

No, they are temporary and revertible

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6
Q

T or F- A phynotypic variation is a mutation in the gene

A

False, it is just a change in the expression of a gene

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7
Q

T or F- A phenotypic variation is a change in the expression of a gene

A

True

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8
Q

T or F- A phenotypic variation is unique

A

False, if induced by the enviroment, it will be quite common

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9
Q

What are some morphological variations?

A

Difference in sizes between culture ages, or in same species in different mediums

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10
Q

Which are larger, broth cultures cells or agar culture cells? Why?

A

Broth culture cells because the broth has more water, allowing the bacterial cells to absorb it, becoming larger

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11
Q

T of F- Young culture cells are smaller than old culture cells

A

False, young cultures are larger

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12
Q

T or F- Morphology refers to microscopic levels

A

True

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13
Q

Give an example of a cultural change

A

Serratia marcesens, a rod that changes color when grown in different temperature (37C=white, 25C=red)

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14
Q

At what temperature does serratia marcescens turn white?

A

37*C

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15
Q

At what temperature does serratia marcescens turn red?

A

25*C

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16
Q

What bacteria changes colors based on temperature (25C=red, 37C=white)?

A

Serratia marcescens

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17
Q

Color change is an example of what kind of morphological change?

A

Cultural

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18
Q

Give and example of a physiological change

A

The production of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli, which only happens in environments that contain lactose

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19
Q

Why does e.coli not constantly produce Beta Galactosidase?

A

To conserve energy

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20
Q

Do human experience physiological variations?

A

Yes, humans will produce alcohol dehydrosenase to break down alcohol

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21
Q

What organism produces alcohol dehydrosanase to break down alcohol?

A

Humans

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22
Q

Define a genotypic variation

A
  1. Mutation (change in amino acids in DNA/RNA)
  2. Permanent (nonreversable)
  3. Rare (1/billion)
  4. Random
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23
Q

Are genotypic variations always helpful?

A

No, some can be lethal

24
Q

What is a silent variation?

A

A genotypic variation that that no apparent effect

25
Q

What do you call a genotypic variation that has no apparent effect?

A

A silent gene

26
Q

Can genotypic variations be induces?

A

Yes, UV light can induce variations

27
Q

How common is a genotypic variation?

A

Very rare, 1/billion

28
Q

T of F- Genotypic variations are rare

A

True

29
Q

T of F- Genotypic variations are non-permanent

A

False

30
Q

T of F- Genotypic variations are always helpful

A

False

31
Q

T of F- Genotypic variations are mutations

A

True

32
Q

T of F- Genotypic variations are random

A

True

33
Q

Give an example of a smooth bacteria

A

E.coli

34
Q

Give and example of rough bacteria

A

Bacillus (specifically subtilis)

35
Q

Give an example of mucoid bacteria

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

36
Q

What type (S, R, M) is e.coli?

A

S (smooth)

37
Q

What type (S, R, M) is Bacillus (specifically subtilis)?

A

R (rough)

38
Q

What type (S, R, M) is Klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

M (mucoid)

39
Q

What are the three forms of colonial morphological mutations?

A

S (smooth), R (rough), and M (mucoid)

40
Q

Describe a smooth cell

A

Smooth, round, shiny (slime layer), virulent

41
Q

Describe a rough cell

A

Wrinkled, dull (dry), irregular, nonvirulent

42
Q

Describe a mucoid cell

A

Smooth, round, mucoid

43
Q

T or F- a mucoid cell is smooth, round, shiny (slime layer), virulent

A

False, a smooth cell is smooth, round, shiny (slime layer), virulent

44
Q

Smooth cells grow with what kind of morphology?

A

Singles

45
Q

Rough cells grow with what kind of morphology?

A

Chains

46
Q

Mucoid cells grow with what kind of morphology?

A

Singles, capsules

47
Q

T or F- Mucoid cells grow in chains

A

False, they grow in singles and capsules

48
Q

T or F- Rough cells grow in chains

A

True

49
Q

T or F- Rough cells are virulent

A

False

50
Q

T or F- What kind of cell is smooth, round, shiny, and virulent?

A

A smooth cell

51
Q

What does a shiny layer indicate?

A

A slime layer

52
Q

What does a dull cell indicate?

A

It is dry

53
Q

Why are we trying to reduce the amount of anti-biotics we use in America?

A

To try and keep the bacteria from forming a resistance

54
Q

T or F- Staphylococcus aureus will not develop a resistance to penicillin when grown in plain BHI

A

True

55
Q

Is staphylococcus capable of gaining a resistance to penicillin? How?

A

Yes, if grown in an environment with penicillin, a single cell that has mutated a resistance can survive and reproduce penicillin resistant colonies

56
Q

Can things mutate to gain resistance to certain chemicals?

A

Yes

Microbiology Exam 1 (13 decks)

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