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Microbiology Exam 1 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

name the 5 types of light microscopes

A 
bright field
dark field
phase contrast
flourescence
differential interference contrast
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2
Q

how many occular lenses can a bright field microscope have?

A

one

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3
Q

occular lenses come in these 4 sizes

A

5x
10x
15x
20x

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4
Q

how many objective lenses can a bright field microscope have?

A

as many as available

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5
Q

objective lenses come in which sizes?

A

4x
10x
40x
100x

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6
Q

which objective power is used for scanning? which is used for oil immersion?

A

4x

100x

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7
Q

what is necessary for an organism to be seen under a bright field microscope?

A

high contrast

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8
Q

how can you make an organism easier to see under a bright field microscope?

A

staining

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9
Q

how do you calculate the total magnification?

A

ocular lens multiplied by the objective lens

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10
Q

what is numerical aperture (NA)?

A

it tells you how much light bends

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11
Q

how can a clearer image be achieve?

A

use a lower resultion/increase the numerical aperture

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12
Q

what is the smallest thing visible under a bright field microscope?

A

.2 micro meter or 200 nano meters

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13
Q

what color light should you use to see the smallest objects?

A

violet light

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14
Q

can you use the bright field microscope to see mycoplasma?

A

only under the best conditions

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15
Q

can you use the bright field microscope to see viruses?

A

no

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16
Q

can you use the bright field microscope to see bacteria?

A

yes

17
Q

what modification does the dark field microscope have?

A

a dark field stop located just under the condensor which blocks the light except for the light around the edges

18
Q

using a dark field microscope removes the need for __________

A

staining

19
Q

can you use live specimens with the bright field microscope?

A

no

20
Q

can you use live specimens for the dark field microscope?

A

yes

21
Q

can you use live specimens for the phase contrast microscope?

A

yes

22
Q

Name a specific example of an organism which can be seen under a dark field microscope

A

syphilis treponema pallidum

23
Q

Can you seen mycoplasma under a dark field microscope?

A

yes

24
Q

Name the two modifications on the phase contrast microscope that differ it from the bright field microscope

A

annular diaphragm

phase shifting element

25
Q

what does the annular diaphragm do?

A

Generates a ring of light which initiates the bending of the light (incident rays). Located below the condenser (lets through a rind of light that helps the light to bend)

26
Q

what does the phase shifting element do?

A

controlls the speed of the light by manipulating the brightness

27
Q

using the phase contrast microscope can you see mycoplasma?

A

yes

28
Q

Name the 3 modifications that a fluorescence microscope from a bright field one

A

exciter filter, barrier filter, fluorescent dye

29
Q

what does the exciter filter do?

A

blocks out wavelengths greater than 400nm (lets through UV light only)

30
Q

what does the barrier filter do?

A

blocks out wavelengths less than 500nm (protects eyes from UV light and gives a black field)

31
Q

what does the fluorescent dye do?

A

absorbs high energy of the light and releases visible light. Stains things with high amounts of lipids

32
Q

can you see mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

yes

33
Q

what is immunofluorescence?

A

the fluorescence antibody technique

Uses antibodys and flourescent dye for staining if there is not enough lipid for the dye to stick to the organism

34
Q

what can you use immunofluorescence to diagnose?

A

syphilis

35
Q

what modification does a differential interference contrast microscope compared to a bright field one?

A

uses a prism to split the light and then recombine it

36
Q

can you see in 3D using the differential interference contrast microscope?

A

yes

Microbiology Exam 1 (13 decks)

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