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Microbiology Exam 1 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the three basic forms of bacteria

A

coccus
bacillus
spiral shaped

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2
Q

name 3 forms of coccus bacteria

A

streptococci
staphylococci
Diplococci

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3
Q

Name a bacteria that is diplococci

A

neisseria

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4
Q

What do cooci look like?

A

spheres

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5
Q

What do bacilli look like?

A

rods

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6
Q

What form are bacteria in the palisade arrangement?

A

bacilli

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7
Q

Name 6 bacteria which are bacilli

A 
Bacillus
E. Coli
klebsiella
clostridium
corynebacterium
vibrio
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8
Q

Which bactera is in the palisade arrangement?

A

corynebacterium

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9
Q

What do streptococci look like?

A

chains of cocci

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10
Q

What do staphylococci look like?

A

clusters of cocci

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11
Q

What does the pallisade arrangement look like?

A

a picket fence

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12
Q

What shape are neisseria?

A

diplococci

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13
Q

What shape is anthrax?

A

bacillus

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14
Q

what shape is e. coli?

A

bacillus

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15
Q

What shape is syphillis?

A

spirochete

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16
Q

What shape is cholera?

A

vibrio?

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17
Q

Vibrio bacteria are of what form?

A

bacilli

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18
Q

What shape is tetnus?

A

bacilli

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19
Q

What shape is diptheria?

A

palisade arrangement

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20
Q

what shape is lyme disease?

A

spirochete

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21
Q

What shape are spirochetes?

A

spirals, corkscrews

22
Q

Wat is the difference between vibrios and spirochetes regarding their shape?

A

vibrios do not complete a full revolution of their spiral

spirochetes contain at least one full spiral

23
Q

What form/shape of bacteria is the smallest in volume?

A

Cocci

24
Q

How big are cocci?

A

1 micrometer

25
Q

what form/shape of bacteria have the largest volume?

A

spirochetes

26
Q

What are the average dimensions of a bacilli?

A

0.5 micrometers x 2 micrometers

27
Q

What are the average dimensions of spirochetes?

A

.5 micrometers x 1 to 14 micrometers

28
Q

What is the glycocalyx?

A

outermost wall of bacteria
is non living
extracellular

29
Q

What are the 2 forms the glycocalyx may come in?

A

slime layer and capsule

30
Q

What bacteria have a slime layer?

A

staphylococcus aureus

31
Q

What bacteria have a capsule?

must name all 5

A 
klebsiella pneumoniae
streptococcus pneumoniae
streptococcus pyogenes
bacillus anthracis
haemophillis influenzae
32
Q

Which is thicker:

a slime layer OR a capsule?

A

the capsule

33
Q

What type of glycocalyx does nosocomial pneumonia have?

A

capsule

34
Q

What does haemophillis influenzae cause?

A

Pneumonia,
meningitus,
AND the flu

35
Q

What is the chemistry of the slime layer?

A

poly peptide saccharides

36
Q

What 2 factors determine if a slime layer is formed?

A

Genetics and nutrition

37
Q

What do capsules look like on a colony?

A

mucus on the plate

38
Q

What does a slime layer look like on a colony?

A

wet and shiny

39
Q

How do you stain klebsiella to see the capsule under a microscope?

A

stain the organism with crystal violet then use with india ink

40
Q

What would a properly stained slide look like if you had stained to see the capsule?

A

black background
purple bacteria
clear capsule

41
Q

What are the 3 levels of identification?

A

shape/morphology
gram staining
enzymes at the biochemical level

42
Q

What are serovars?

A

A group of closely related microorganisms distinguished by a characteristic set of antigens

43
Q

What is the significance of serology when making vaccenes?

A

There are many serovars for the disease you’re vaccinating against, but you only really need to include the most common strains in your vaccine

44
Q

What aids the formation of microcolonies?

A

capsules

45
Q

what is the significance of microcolonies?

A

only the outer bacteria die off, the inner ones are protected against dryness and chemicals
they are harder for white blood cells to engulf

46
Q

What chemical does streptococcus pyogenes use to hide in the human body?

A

hyaluronic acid

47
Q

What is the function of hyaluronic acid?

A

in the human body it keeps our cells stuck together

streptococcus pyogenes uses this to its advantage to camouflage itself in the body

48
Q

Which organism uses hyaluronic acid to hide in the body?

A

streptococcus pyogenes

49
Q

How do capsules relate to virulence?

A

organisms with capsules are more virulent

50
Q

Which organism uses its capsule to attach to intubation and catheters?

A

Klebsiella

51
Q

If a bacteria does not have a glycocalyx is it avirulent?

A

no
don’t lick the sample
if you do it can still infect you

Microbiology Exam 1 (13 decks)

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