Lecture 8

Question 1

A first order neuron starts at the ____ and goes to the _____

Answer 1

Periphery

Brainstem/SC

Question 2

A second order neuron starts at the ____ and goes to the _____

Answer 2

SC/Brainstem

Thalamus

Question 3

A Third order neuron starts at the ____ and goes to the _____

Answer 3

Thalamus

Somatosensory Cortex

Question 4

Where is the cell body of a 1st order neuron found?

Answer 4

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 5

How are spinal tracts named?

Answer 5

Origin and end of their 2nd order neuron

Question 6

Concious vs Divergent pathways

Answer 6

Concious- Discriminitive information (example: pin point sharp pain)

Divergent- Not discriminitive (Example: achey pain in the entire limb)

Question 7

Nonconcious relay pathways provide ______ information to cerebellum

Answer 7

nonconcious proprioceptive information

Question 8

The dorsal tract is considered (Concious and/or divergent)

Whereas the Anteriolateral pathway is (Concious and/or divergent)

Answer 8

Dorsal- Concious

A/L - Both

Question 9

For crude awareness, sensory info must get to ________

For concious awareness it must get to the _________

Answer 9

Thalamus

Somatosensory cortex

Question 10

What are the 2 concious relay pathways

Answer 10

Dorsal columns and Anteriolateral columns

Question 11

Senses of the dorsal column?

Answer 11

Concious Proprioception, light touch

Question 12

Senses of the anterolateral column?

Answer 12

Discriminitive pain, temperature

Question 13

What tract handles stereognosis?

Answer 13

Dorsal column

Question 14

The dorsal column crosses sides in the ________

Answer 14

Internal arcuate fibers in the Medulla

Question 15

The dorsal column travels from the medulla to the thalamus as Nucleus Gracilis OR Cuneatus

Gracilis is for ____ wherewas Cuneatus is for _________

Answer 15

Gracilis - lower body sensation

Cuneatus - upper body sensation

Question 16

The Dorsal column crosses in the _________ whereas the anteriolateral column crosses in the ___________

Answer 16

Medulla

Spinal Cord (same level it enters)

Question 17

What is the difference between the anterior spinothalamic tract and the lateral?

Answer 17

Anterior- Crude touch

Lateral- Fast nocioception and temperature

Question 18

True or false: The anterior and the lateral spinothalamic pathways ascend seperately in the spinal cord

Answer 18

False. they only seperate inside of the brain

Question 19

In the anteriolateral tract, A-Delta fibers handle….

Answer 19

Fast nocioceptive sensation

Question 20

In the anteriolateral tract, A-delta and C fibers both handle…..

Answer 20

Temperature

Question 21

In the anteriolateral tract, C fibers handle…..

Answer 21

Crude touch

Question 22

What is the region of the spinal cord called where the Anteriolateral tract crosses?

Answer 22

Anterior Commissure

Question 23

If someone has a lesion on the R side of their spinal cord, their sense of crude touch will be effected (Contralaterally/Ipsilaterally) whereas their sense discrimitive touch will be effected (Contralaterally/Ipsilaterally)

Answer 23

Crude touch- Contralaterally; Anterior Spinothalamic

DIscrimitive touch- Ipsilaterally

Note: this has to do with where it crosses

Question 24

If a slow nociceptive signal reaches concious awareness, it goes through what pathway?

Answer 24

Spino-emotional

Question 25

Slow medial nociceptive pathways are: (Divergent/Concious/Non-concious)

Answer 25

Divergent

Question 26

What spinal tract deals with you looking at an injury after it happens?

Answer 26

Spinomesencephalic (slow-medial nociception) Goes to the superior colliculus and periaqueductal grey - the former deals with vision and is in the posterior midbrain while the latter deals with control pain sensations Spinomesencephalic tract plays a role in inhibiting or controlling pain sensations

Question 27

Slow-Medial Nociception 1st order neurons are always what kind of fibers?

Answer 27

C fibers

Question 28

Slow-Medial Nociception pathways cross where?

Answer 28

Immediately in the spinal cord

Question 29

What is the only spinocerebellar tract that crosses?

Answer 29

Anterior/ventral spinocerebellar

Question 30

Where does the dorsal spinocerebellar and the cuneocerebellar tract cross?

Answer 30

They dont cross.

Question 31

Where is the clarks nucleus for 1st order neurons in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract found?

Answer 31

C8/T1-L2 Note: because this tract is only for the Lower body!

Question 32

The posterior spinocerebellar tract is for _____ whereas the cuneocerebellar tract is for ______

Answer 32

Posterior Spinocerebellar: Carrying unconscious proprioceptive information from the lower extremity and trunk Cuneocerebellar: Carrying unconscious proprioceptive information from the upper extremity

Question 33

What spinal tracts are responsible for unconcious regulation of posture?

Answer 33

Spinocerebellar

Question 34

The dorsal spinocerebellar and the cuneocerebellar go through the _____ peduncle whereas the Anterior spinocerebellar tract goes through the _____ peduncle

Answer 34

Inferior Peduncle Superior Peduncle

Question 35

Describe the crossing that happens at the anterior spinocerebellar tract

Answer 35

Most fibers cross **twice** to end up on same side, whereas some fibers go to **contralateral** side. Each side of brain receives fibers from **BOTH** sides of body to assist in coordination.

Question 36

The anterior/ventral spinocerebellar tract is for what part of your body?

Answer 36

Lower Body

Question 37

Where does the anterior/ventral spinocerebellar tract's cross?

Answer 37

First in spinal cord immediately, then again in cerebellum

Question 38

True or false: The Rostrospinocerebellar tract crosses in the spinal cord

Answer 38

False, it does not cross!

Question 39

Where does the rostrospinocerebellar tract relay information from?

Answer 39

From cervical spinalcord + T1 to cerebellum at both inferior AND superior peduncles

Question 40

What do projection fibers connect?

Answer 40

Connect cortex with other areas of CNS

Question 41

What do association fibers connect?

Answer 41

Connect nearby parts of the brain within the same hemisphere

Question 42

What do commissural fibers connect?

Answer 42

Connect identical parts of the R and L cortex to eachother

Question 43

Motor tracts that originate in the cortex are _______ whereas if they originate in the brainstem they are __________

Answer 43

Pyramidal Extrapyramidal (extrapyramidal=outside cortex)

Question 44

In the cortex, Posture/gross movements synapse (medially/laterally) Whereas fine movements synapse (medially/Laterally)

Answer 44

Gross = medially Fine = Laterally

Question 45

The Pyramidal Corticospinal tract does what?

Answer 45

Lateral- Fractional limb movements Medial- automatic/proximal trunk movememts

Question 46

What does the pyramidal (descending) corticobulbar tract do?

Answer 46

Motor control at the face

Question 47

What are the two extrapyramidal tracts called?

Answer 47

Reticulospinal and Vestibulospinal tract

Question 48

What does the reticulospinal tract control?

Answer 48

Posture

Question 49

What does the vestibulospinal tract control?

Answer 49

Head control

Question 50

What is the purpose of the premotor cortex?

Answer 50

Prepares for movement (especially movement that involves multiple joints)

Question 51

What is the purpose of the supplementary motor cortex?

Answer 51

Active prior to initiating movments that require specific sequence

Question 52

Identify this part of the brain

Answer 52

Supplementary motor cortex

Question 53

Identify this part of the brain

Answer 53

Premotor cortex