Lecture 7

Question 1

How many cranial nerves come from the midbrain?

Answer 1

2

CN 3 and 4

Question 2

How many cranial nerves come from the pons?

Answer 2

4

CN 5, 6, 7, 8

Question 3

How many cranial nerves come from the medulla?

Answer 3

4

CN 9, 10, 11, 12

Question 4

Why are cranial nerve 1 and 2 susceptible to MS disease

Answer 4

They are innervated by oligodendricytes instead of schwann cells due to location (they don’t leave the CNS)

Question 5

What is the only sensory nerve that reaches the cortex WITHOUT going through the thalamus

Answer 5

olfactory

Question 6

Where does the optic nerve cross?

Answer 6

The optic chiasm

Note: the optic tract is between the chiasm and the brain

Question 7

What nerve is responsible for pupil constriction AND orienting head and eyes (Saccadic, reflex neck movement)

Answer 7

Oculomotor CNIII

Question 8

The olfactory nerve exits from what foramen?

Answer 8

Cribiform plate

Question 9

The optic nerve exits from what foramen

Answer 9

Optic canal

Question 10

The occulomotor nerve exits what foramen

Answer 10

superior orbital fissue

Question 11

The trochlear nerve exits what foramen?

Answer 11

Superior orbital fissure

Question 12

The opthamalic branch of the trigeminal nerve exits from what foramen

Answer 12

superior oribital fissure

Question 13

The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve exits from what foramen

Answer 13

foramen rotundum

Question 14

the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve exits from what foramen

Answer 14

foramen ovale

Question 15

The abducens nerve exits from what foramen?

Answer 15

superior orbital fissure

Question 16

The facial nerve exits from what foramen?

Answer 16

auditory canal (Stylomastiod foramen)

Question 17

The vestibulocochlear nerve exits from what foramen?

Answer 17

auditory canal (stylomastoid)

Question 18

Glossopharyngeal nerve exits what foramen?

Answer 18

Jugular foramen

Question 19

The vagus nerve exits through what foramen?

Answer 19

Jugular foramen

Question 20

The spinal accessory nerve EXITS through what foramen?

Answer 20

Jugular Foramen

Question 21

The spinal accessory nerve ENTERS the skull through what foramen?

Answer 21

Foramen magnum

Question 22

The hypoglossal nerve exits the skull from what foramen?

Answer 22

hypoglossal canal

Question 23

Damage to the R optic tract after the optic chiasm will cause….

Answer 23

L sided homonymous hemianopsia (Blind in the left visual field of both eyes)

Question 24

Damage to an optic nerve between the optic chasm and the eyeball will cause…

Answer 24

Ipsilateral blindness (full blindness of the eye on that side in both visual fields)

Question 25

What nerve innervates the “superior oblique muscle” of the eye

Answer 25

Trochlear nerve

Question 26

The orbicularis oculi does what action, and what is its innervation?

Answer 26

Closes eyes -Facial nerve

Question 27

The consensual blink response is activated by _______ ganglion and sent to the _______ spinal nucleus and passed through interneurons in the reticular formation to both ________ nerves in order to close both eyes

Answer 27

Trigeminal Trigeminal Both Facial Nerves

Question 28

The superior colliculus is for _____ whereas the inferior colliculus is for _____

Answer 28

Vision Hearing

Question 29

What is the fluid called inside of the vestibular apparatus?

Answer 29

Endolymph

Question 30

What is the fluid called that separates the bony structures from the membranous labyrinth of the vestibular system?

Answer 30

Perilymph

Question 31

Movement of the endolymph inside of the semicircular canals detects…

Answer 31

Rotational acceleration/deceleration

Question 32

What causes the depolarization of the cochlear nerve endings

Answer 32

Vibration of endolymph is detected by hair cells which depolarize and send signal to cochlear nerve endings to activate them

Question 33

What cranial nerve controls peristalsis inside the esophagus

Answer 33

vagus nerve

Question 34

What nerve handles the lips closing when you put food in your mouth?

Answer 34

Facial nerve

Question 35

What nerve closes the larynx when you swallow?

Answer 35

Vagus

Question 36

What nerve triggers the swallowing reflex (afferent)?

Answer 36

Glossopharyngeal

Question 37

Where are the cell bodies of the spinal accessory nerve found?

Answer 37

Ventral horn of C1-C4

Question 38

What nerve decreases HR, Constricts Bronchi, and increases digestion?

Answer 38

Vagus nerve

Question 39

What nerve controls the efferent part of the gag reflex?

Answer 39

Vagus

Question 40

Conductive deafness

Answer 40

Transmission of vibrations prevented in the outer or middle ear

Question 41

What is Sensorineural deafness?

Answer 41

Damage to receptor cells or the cochlear nerve

Question 42

True or false: Sensorineural deafness is less common than conductive deafness

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What is dysarthria?

Answer 43

Poor control of speech muscles Note: they still understand language

Question 44

Damage to what nerve can cause dysarthria?

Answer 44

Hypoglossal

Question 45

True or false: The dorsal root ganglion is a part of the CNS

Answer 45

False, it is part of the PNS

Question 46

White matter tract vs column

Answer 46

Tract- bundle of axons with common destinaton Column- Several tracts

Question 47

Where are the cell bodies of efferent neurons found?

Answer 47

Ventral horn

Question 48

Where are the cell bodies of afferent neurons found?

Answer 48

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 49

What is epineurium

Answer 49

Fiberous sheath surrounding entire nerve

Question 50

What is perineurium

Answer 50

Connective tissue wrapping around fascile of axons

Question 51

What is endoneurium

Answer 51

connective tissue surrounding axon