lecture 7 / study guide 4 Flashcards
what are the 3 different types of muscle
cardiac, smooth , skeletal
where is smooth muscle found
smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach , urinary bladder and airways
is smooth muscle striated
no smooth muscle is not striated
does smooth muscle require nervous system stimulation
it can contract without nervous system stimulation
is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary
involuntary
what are the 3 things that skeletal muscle are served by
one artery , one nerver and one or more veins.
what controls the activity of skeletal muscle
a nerve ending
what does skeletal muscle need
nutrients
what does skeletal muscle generate
it generates large amounts of waste
does skeletal muscle generate a lot of waste ?
yes
where is skeletal muscle found
on organs that are attached to bones or skin
what kind of cells does skeletal muscles have
eleongated cells
what are the elongated cells of skeletal muscles called
muscle fibers
are muscle fibers striated
yes
what does voluntary mean
under conscous control
are skeletal musles under conscous control
yes
do skeletal muscles contract rapidly or slow
rapidly
do skeletal muscles tire easily or slowly
tire easily
do skeletal muscles require nervous system stimulation
yes
what percent of the bodies mass is made up of muscle tissue
nearly half of the bodies mass is made of muscle tissue
what is the function of muscle
to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy
where is cardiac muscle found
it is only found in the walls of the heart
what is the bulk of the heart wall made out of
cardiac muscle
is cardiac muscle striated
yes
does cardiac muscle require nervous system stimulation
it can contract without nervous system stimulation
is cardiac muscle voluntary
involuntary
list the 4 characteristics of muscle tissue
excitability
contractability
extensibility
elasiticity
what does excitability mean :
ability to recieve and respond to stimuli
what does contractability mean
ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated
what doed extensibility mean
abiilty to be stretched
what does elasticity mean
ability to recoil to resting length
what are the 4 important functions of muscles
movement of bones or fluids
maintaining postures and body position
stabilizing joints
heat generation
does muscle protect organs
yes
do muscle form valves
yes
do muscles control pupil size
yes
do muscles cause goosebumps
yes
describe the 3 connective tissue sheaths that cover muscles
epimysium - dense irregular surround muscle
perimysium -fiberous connective tissue surrounds fassicles
endomysium-surrounds each muscle fiber
what does the perimysium surround
the fasicles
what does the endomysium surround
each muscle fiber
what does the epimysium surround
the entire muscle
name the 2 kinds of muscle attachments
insertion and attachment
what is an insertion
movable bone
what is an origin
immovable bone
what kind of attacment is at the less moveable bone
origin
what is the attachment at the moveable bone called
insertion
does skeletal muscle have more than one nuclei
yes
what is the sarcolema
the plasma membrane
what is the sarcolplasm
the cytoplasm
what are glycosomes
they are for glycogen storage
what are myoglobin
they are for oxygen storage
what do myofibirls contain
they contain sarcomeres
myofibirals take up about what percentage of a cells volume
about 80%
what are sarcomeres
they are contractile units
what do sarcomeres contain
they contain myofilaments
what is a z disk
it is a coin shaped sheet of proteins on the midline of light i band that anchors thin filaments and connects myofibrils to one another
what are thick filaments
they run the entire length of the l band and partway to a band
what are sarcomeres
they are the region between 2 succesive z disks
the smallest contractile unit of muscle fiber is called
a sarcomere
what are sarcomeres composed of
they are composed of thick and thin myofilaments made of contractile proteins
what are the thin filaments made out of
actin myofilaments
what are the thick filaments made out of
myosin filaments
what do the myosin tails contain
polypeptide chains
what do the myosin heads form
cross bridges
what are the function of tropomyosin and tropnin
they are regulatory proteins bound to actin
what is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulim
it funcitons in the regulatoin of intracellular calcium
what are the function of t tubules
to increase the fibers surface area
