3/7/14 79 Flashcards
the nervous system takes info from which 2 environments
the internal and external
the nervous system can be broken down into how many parts and what are their names
2, The central nervous ,periferal nervous system
what 2 things make up the central nervous system
The central nervous system=brain and spinal cord
describe the periferal nervous system
periferal nervous system: the periferal nerves that are coming out of our body. it takes in info and emits a response . it takes in info and effects a response (motor out put)
describe Neruosignaling
Neruosignaling: this is talking about one of the ways that info is transferred thorugout the body
the nerve cells that are responsible for transmitting info are called?
neoruons are the nerve cells that are responsible for transmitting info.
where are neurosignals transmitted
Nerosignals are the electrical signals that are transmitting throught neurons
what is a nerve
Nerurons are nerve cells. when they are bundled together they are called nerves.
name 2 unique structures are nerve cells
dendrites (where the stimuli are recieved) and the axon( where the signal is communicated down to the end of the neroun.
what is a dendrite and where is it found
on a nerve cell, They are where the stimuli are recieved
what is the axon
axon is where the signal is communicated down to the end of the neroun
how many different kinds of signaling do neurons use and what are they called
2 , Electrical signals, chemical signals
define electrical signals
Electrical signals- they are like action or graded potentials. There are changes in membrane potential across the plasma membrane. they are used for longs distance signaling
what are chemical signals
Chemical signals- signals used in short distance communication. Like the in muscle contraction diffusion of aceytol choline across the cell membrane is an example of this
T/F: There can be a combo of electrical and chemical signaling
True
what are the 2 major divisions of the nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
what part of the nervous system is this: this is the integration and control center the sensory info is sent here and interprerreted and then some action will be effected
central nervous system
what part of the nervous system is this ? this has nerves that gather and send info to the central nervous system through afferent pathways or they take info from the brain and effecting a response. This is called an efferent pathway.
peripheral nervous system
the PNS is an afferent or efferent pathway
efferent
The cns is an afferent or efferent pathway
affarent
the CNS is made of the
brain and spinal cord
what are the 2 divisions of the PNS
in the pns there are 2 divsions: sensory and motor.
in the pns is the sensory or motor affarent and which is efferent
The sensory is the afferent( going TO the nervous system) taking info in and convaying it to the CNS
The motor is efferent ( going AWAY from the nervous system) it goes from the nervous system to the effector organs. like muscles and glands
what is an axon hillock
the axon hillock connects the cell body proper with the axon.
what is the function of dendrites
dendrites which are responsible for receiving signals from the environment.
describe the axon
the axon is the long process that comes out with the cell body and ends in the axon terminal.
T/F :Action potentials only travel one way. They travel down the cell body to the axon terminal
True
what is Mylin sheath
Mylin sheath- has shwawn cells that are wrapped around, they insulate the axon. This helps to increase the rate of conduction of an action potential
what structure helps to increase the rate of conduction of an action potential
Mylin sheath
what is a synapse
Synapse- this is where chemical signaling can happen between nerve cells.
we classify neruons based on :
We can classify neurons based on their:structure and function
the structure of a neuron is based on
Structure: based on number of processes ( number of things sticking out)
how many different kinds of structures are there of neurons and what are thier names
there are 3 types:multipolar, bipolar or unipolar
describe multipolar structure
Multipolar: have 3 or more processes. one is an axon and the others are dendrites.
describe a bipolar structure
Bipolar: Has 1 axon and 1 dendrite . These are rare, these are found in the retina or olfactory mucosa.
describe unipolar
Unipolar: 1 short process that forms a t junction
