lecture 2 Flashcards
are the feet apart or slightly apart in anatomical position
feet are slightly apart
are palms facing forward or backwards in anatomical position?
palms are facing forward in anatomical position
do the thumbs point inwards or outwards of body
thumbs point out
directional terms always assume that the body is in what position
anatomical position
define medial
toward or at the midline of the body. inwards , the heart is medial to the arms
define lateral
away from the midline . towards the outside, the arms are lateral to the chest
define intermediate
between the more medial and lateral sections of the body
define proximal
closer to the origin of the body. the wrist is proximal to the hand
distal
further away from the body. the wrist is proximal to the elbow
define superficial
at or on the body surface
define deep
away from the body surface, more internal
name the 2 major divisions of the body
- axial
- appendicular
define axial
head, neck, and trunk
define appendicular
the limbs
what % of the inside of the body is the same
90%
name 3 things that can differ internally within the body
nerves, blood vessels, and small muscles
define a body plane
Flat surface along which body or structure may be
cut for anatomical study
list the 3 most common plane
- Sagittal plane
- Frontal (coronal) plane
- Transverse (horizontal) plane
define sections
Cuts or sections made along a body plane
define the sagittal plane
Divides body vertically into right and left parts
– Produces a sagittal section if cut along this plane
what does midsagittal mean ?
a sagittal cut that is made on the midline
what does a parasagittal cut look like ?
a cut that is not made on the midline
describe what a frontal cut looks like
it divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
describe what a transverse cut looks like
it divides the body into superior and inferior parts
what is a cell?
structural and functional unit of life
the continuity of life has what kind of basis?
a cellular basis
about how many types of cells are there
over 200 kinds of cells in the human body
do most cells in the body look the same ?
no, their different shapes allow them to have different functions
list the 3 major parts of a human cell
plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus
describe the plasma membrane
flexible outer boundary
describe the cytoplasm
intracellular fluid containing the organelles
describe the nucleus
the control center
the plasma membrane is made up what what?
a lipid bilayer
the lipid bilayer is also known as ?
the fluid mosaic
what is the main function of the plasma membrane ?
it separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid
what is interstitial fluid
extracellular fluid that surrounds the cell
are the heads of the plasma membrane polar or non polar?
there are polar heads on the phospholipid molecule
are the tails of the phospholipid bilayer polar or non polar?
the tails of the phospholipid are non polar
does being polar mean that something is hydrophilic or hydrophobic
polar means hydrophilic
does non polar mean hydrophilic or hydrophobic
non polar means hydrophobic
what is the function of membrane proteins
they are involved in communication with the environment
what mass of the plasma membrane consists of membrane proteins?
about 1/2 of the the plasma membrane is made up membrane proteins
list the 2 types of membrane proteins
integral proteins
peripheral proteins
where would you find a integral membrane protein
they are firmly inserted inside of the membrane
true or false integral membrane proteins only have hydrophobic regions ?
false , Have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
• Can interact with lipid tails and water
what are the functions of integral proteins?
Function as transport proteins (channels and carriers), enzymes, or receptors
where do you find peripheral proteins?
they are loosely attached to integral proteins
list the functions of peripheral proteins
Func-on as enzymes; motor proteins for shape change during cell division and muscle contrac-on; cell-to-cell connections
