Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio 2010 > lecture 11 > Flashcards

lecture 11 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are arteries

A

they carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

do ubeliecal vesselsof the heart carry oxygentated blood

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are carpillaries

A

they contact tissues cells , they directly serve cellular needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do veins o

A

they carry blood toward the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 3 wall layers found in arteries and veins

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are capillaries lined with

A

endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which layer in the artery or vein is slick and reduces friction

A

the tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which tunic influences blood flow and pressure

A

the tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the tunica media made out of

A

smooth muscle and sheets of elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which of the 3 layers of arteries and veins controls vasconstriction

A

tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 3 kinds of arteries in the arterial system

A

elastic arteries
muscular arteries
arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name the arterial system : large thick walled arteries with elastin in all 3 tunics .
large lumen

A

elastic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

names the arterial system : acts as pressure resavour , they expand and recoil as blood is injected into the heart

A

elastic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name the arterial system : delivers blood to the body organs

A

muscular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name the arterial system : active in vasoconstriction

A

muscular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name the arterial system : smallest arteries

A

arterioeles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

name the arterial system : controls flow into capillary beds via vasodiallation and vasoconstriction

A

muscular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are capillaries

A

they are microscopic blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the walls of capillaries made out of

A

thin tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name the structure that helps to stabilize the walls and control the permiability of capillaries

A

pericytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is the diameter of capillary large or small? what can pass through

A

small , one red blood cell at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where are capillaries located

A

in all tissues except for cartilage , epithliea , cornea and lens of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the functions of capillaries

A

exhcange of gases nutrients , waste, hormones between blood and interstial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

list the 3 structural types of capillaries

A
  1. continous capillaries
  2. fenestrated capillaries
  3. sinusoid capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where are continous capillaries found

A

they are abundant in the skin and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does the interceullular cleft allow in continous capillaries

A

the passage of fluids and small solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

are continous cappilaries found in the brain

A

yea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what forms a blood brain barrier

A

continous cappilaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the function of fenestrated capillaries

A

the function in absorbtion or filtrate formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

where are sinsuoid capillaries found

A

liver , bone marrow spleen, adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is microcirculation

A

interwoven networks of capillaries between aterioles and venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are the 2 types of vessels

A

vacular shunt and true capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the funciton of precapillary spincter

A

they regulate blood flow into true capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

how are venules formed

A

formed when capillary beds unite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

how are veins formed

A

when venules converge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

do veins or arteries have thinner walls

A

veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

is the blood pressure lower or higher in arteries than in veins

A

higher arteries, lower in veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

name an adaptation of veins to allow blood to return to heart

A

they have a larger diameter lumen to allow for less resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what are venous valves,and where are they

A

they are on veins they prevent back flow of blood they are found on the limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how is blood flow measured

A

in ml/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

is blood flow constant when at rest or in motion

A

at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

is blood flow the same for all organs

A

no it varies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

define blood pressure

A

the force per unit area extered on wall of blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what keeps blood moving thorughout body

A

pressure gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what does resistance mean

A

opppostion to flow ,

measure of the amount of friction that blood encounters with vessel walls .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what are the sources of resistance

A

blood viscosity
total blood vessel length
blood vessel diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

does a longer of shorter blood vessel have more resistance

A

longer = more resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what has the greatest influence on resistance

A

the blood vessel diamter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

is the blood in arteries oxygenated

A

yes except for the pulmonary arteries and fetal umbillical arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

which are the artieries that do not have oxygenated blood

A

the pulmonary arteries and the umbellical vessels of the fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is the primary function of capillaries

A
  1. contact tissue cells

2. direct cellular needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what are the smallest blood vessels

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

in which blood vessel does the exchange of material happen

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what are the 3 main types of blood vessels

A

arteries, capilaries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what are capillaries lined with

A

endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

which way do veins carry blood

A

Veins- carry blood toward the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

is the blood in veins oxygenated or deoxygenated

A

. This blood is usually deoxenegated except in the pulmonary arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

what is lumen

A

Lumen- a space. this is the central space that contain the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

list the 3 layers that are found in blood vessels

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what is the blood vessels that does not have a 3 wall layer

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

what is the function of endothelial cells

A

Endothelial cells- the function is to reduce friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

endothelial cells line what ?

A

Blood vessels capillaries and arteries are lined with this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what is the largest of the arteries

A

Elastic Artery- the largest of the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

what is the most common artery that we have

A

Muscular Arteries- most the arteries in our body are muscular. These are smaller than the elastic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

which arteries feed into the capiliaries

A

Arterial- these feed the capilaries

66
Q

what are venules

A

Venule - small veins.

67
Q

name the largest of the arteries of the arteries leaving the heart

A

.Elastic Arteries

68
Q

these arteries act as pressure resavours

A

elastic arteries

69
Q

these arteriesdeliver blood to organs

A

muscular arteries

70
Q

these artieries are active in vasoconstrictions

A

musclular arteries

71
Q

these arteries are the smallest of the arteries

A

arterials

72
Q

these arteries are the most responsive in local regulation

A

arterials

73
Q

which arteries have laumen , and what does this offer

A

elastic, low resistance

74
Q

which arterial system controls blood flow into capillary beds

A

arterioles

75
Q

what are the 2 mechanisms that control blood flow

A

vasodialation

vasoconstriction

76
Q

what are capillaries

A

they are microscopic blood vessels

77
Q

what is the primary function of capillaries

A

these are for microcirculation.

78
Q

are capillaries wide or narrow

A

the capillaries are very narrow, it is so small that only one red blood cell can go through

79
Q

what are pericytes

A

pericytes are cells that help to stabilize the walls of the capillaries , and help to control their permeability

80
Q

what helps to control the permiability of capillaries

A

pericytes

81
Q

whar are the 3 types of muscle

A

smooth cardiac skeletal

82
Q

where are capillaries found

A

capilaries are found in all tissues of the body except for cartilage, lens of the eye and cornea and epithelial

83
Q

what are capillary beds

A

Capillary beds allow for access and exchange of materials with just about every cell in the body.
blood enters capillary system, and then exchange happens through simple diffusion

84
Q

what kind of diffusion happens in capillary beds

A

simple diffusion

85
Q

what are the function of capillaries

A

The function of the capillaries are to help in the exchange of gases nutrients waste and hormones

86
Q

list the 3 types of capillareis

A
  1. continuous capillaries (least permeable )
  2. fenestrated capillaries
  3. sinusoid capillaries (most permeable)
    They have similarities but they differ in respect to their permeability.
87
Q

where are continous capillaries found

A

abundant in our skin and muscles

88
Q

what does it mean to say that something is a tight junction

A

there are tight junctions - they connect to other

89
Q

These capillaries are the most common and least permeable

A

Continuous Capillaries

90
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries found

A

they are found in kidneys

91
Q

what are fenestration s

A

fenestrations are pores

92
Q

what is the function of a fenestration

A

the function of the pores is to increase the permeability

93
Q

where are sinousoid capillaries found

A

They are only found in liver,

94
Q

what is an arterial

A

arterials = arteries that connect with capillary beds

95
Q

list the 2 kinds of vessels that are found in capillary beds

A

within the capillary beds there are 2 types of vessels:vascular shunt or true capillaries

96
Q

what is a metaarterial

A

metaarterial - not quite an capillary or an artery

97
Q

what is capillary sphincter

A

within capillary beds there are true capillary sphincters.
The sphincters open and close. If they are opens, blood flows through the capillary beds, where it flows into a vein.
If they are closed, it does not flow into the capillary beds

98
Q

this thing regulates blood flow into true capillaries

A

precapillary sphincter

99
Q

after blood flows thorugh the capillary system where does it go

A

it flows into the venoles

100
Q

what are venules

A

Venules are small veins

101
Q

veins have…walls and …lumen compared to …

A

veins have thinner walls and larger lumen compared to to ateries

102
Q

which has lower blood pressure, veins or arteries

A

blood pressure is lower in veins

103
Q

name 2 adaptations to help blood flow in veins

A

The body has adaptations to help flow blood: larger diameter lumen , they also have venous valves which prevents backflow of blood. Venous valves are found in the veins of the limbs.

104
Q

why do vercose veins happen

A

Verecose veins - happens because of backflow of blood in the arteries. being on your feet a lot can cause these. Not having a high fiber diet, or having a baby can cause hemmroids which are vercous veins in the butt.

105
Q

what is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood in veins

A

venous valves

106
Q

what does blood flow mean

A

Bloodflow- the volume of blood flowing through an organ or vessel. It is measured as ml per minute. It is a measure of cardiac output. blood flow can vary based on what you are doing.

107
Q

define blood pressure

A

blood pressure - force per unit area that exerted on wall of a blood vessel. It is expressed in ml off mercury. we measure it as large arteries near the heart. Blood pressure is what keeps blood pumping through the heart. As blood moves further away through the heart there is less pressure, but as long as there is a gradient it will flow.

108
Q

what does resistance mean

A

Resistance- it is a measure of the amount of friction that blood is going to encounter in vessel walls.

109
Q

what 3 things effect resistance

A

length ( the longer it is, the more resistance) diameter ( this offers the greatest amount of resistance the larger the diameter, the greater the velocity of the flow) and viscosity (increased viscosity = increased resistance) are factors that affect resistance

110
Q

as resistance increases , what happens to blood flow

A

Resistance increases, blood flow decreases.

111
Q

what causes blood flow

A

the pumping action of our heart is what causes blood flow

112
Q

what does blood viscosity refer to

A

the stickiness of blood

113
Q

what can make blood very sticky

A

plasma proteins

114
Q

what does a longer blood vessel mean in terms of resistance

A

longer vessel = greater resistance

115
Q

what has the greatest influence on resistance

A

blood vessel diameter

116
Q

if lamaniar flow is disrupted what kind of flow will occur

A

turbulant flow

117
Q

is there more pressure in arteries or veins

A

There is a lot more pressure in the arteries in the veins!!!!

118
Q

what kind of relationship does blood flow and blood pressure have

A

blood flow is directly proportional to blood pressure gradient

119
Q

what kind of relationship does blood flow and peripheral resistance have

A

blood flow is inversely proportional to peripheral resistance

120
Q

is resistance increases ,what happens to blood flow

A

blood flow decreases

121
Q

how is pressure formed

A

when flow is opposed by resistance

122
Q

where is systemic pressure the highest

A

in the aorta

123
Q

what factors affect arterial blood pressure

A
  1. how much eleastic arteries close to the heart can stretch
  2. the volume of blood forced into them at any one time
124
Q

what is the diostolic pressure

A

the lowest level of arotic pressure

125
Q

what is pulse pressure

A

the differene between systolic and diastolic pressure

126
Q

what is mean arterial pressure

A

pressure that propels blood tissues

127
Q

how do you calculates MAP

A

Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

128
Q

do pulse pressure and MAP increase or decrease with distance from the heart

A

decrease

129
Q

what is the standard range for capillary blood pressure

A

17 to 35 mmhg

130
Q

do we want low or high capillary blood pressure

A

low

131
Q

why is high capillary blood pressure bad

A

high capillary blood pressure is bad because it would rupture thin walled capillaries

132
Q

are capilaries usually permiable or impermiable

A

permeable

133
Q

does venous blood pressure change a lot during the cardiac cycle

A

no

134
Q

is venous presssure usally high

A

no , due to the cumulative effects of resistance

135
Q

list the 3 factors aiding in venous returns

A
  1. muscular pump
  2. respiratory pump
  3. venoconstriction
136
Q

describe the muscular pump interms of venous retuens.. what does it do

A

muscular pump: the contraction of skeletal muscles contracts the and it “milks” blood towards the heart

137
Q

describe how the repiratory pump works interms of venous returns

A

pressure changes during breathing move blood toward the heart by squeezing abdomincal veins

138
Q

explpalin venoconstriction in terms of venous return

A

it pushes blood toward the heart

139
Q

what 4 things are involved in maintaining blood pressure

A

cooperation of the heart , blood vessels, kidneys and supervsion of the brain

140
Q

list the 3 main factors influencing blood pressure

A

cardiac output
periipheral resistance
blood volume

141
Q

where is the radial pulse taken

A

at the wrist

142
Q

what method do we use to measure blood pressure

A

the auscultory method

143
Q

what instrument do we use to measure blood pressure

A

spyhmomonameter

144
Q

what is the name of the sound that we listen for when taken blood pressure

A

sounds of korotokoff

145
Q

what number should your systolic pressure be at

A

less than 120

146
Q

what sould your didstolic pressure be

A

80

147
Q

is the artery restricted when you are hearing the distoic pressure

A

no , the artery is not free and blood is flowing freely

148
Q

list some thing that can cause blood presrue to vary

A

sex, age, race, weight

149
Q

what is hypertension

A

high blood pressure

150
Q

what numbers do you have to have to be considered highblood pressure

A

sustained values of 140/90

151
Q

why is hypertension bad

A

heart works harder, myocardium enlarges, weakens and becomes flabby.

152
Q

what are some factors that contribute to primary hypertension

A

heredity , diet, obeiesity, stress , smoking

153
Q

can primary hyptension be cutred

A

no , but it can be controlled

154
Q

what is hypotension

A

low blood pressure

155
Q

wha tis the average for hypotension

A

90/60

156
Q

is hypotension a concern

A

no

157
Q

what 5 things is tissue perfusion involved in

A 
delivery of o2
removal of waste
gas exchange
absorbtion of nutrients
urine formation
158
Q

where is blood flow the fastest

A

in the aorta

159
Q

where is blood flow the slowest

A

in the capillaries

160
Q

name a reason why blood flow is slow in the capillaries

A

it allows for adequte time for exchange between blood and tissues

161
Q

do blood flow at the same rate for all skeletal muscles

A

no

bio 2010 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions