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Neuroscience > Lecture 7: CNS Response to Injury > Flashcards

Lecture 7: CNS Response to Injury Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 cells are formed from spongioblasts?

A

Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

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2
Q

What are microglia?

A

Monocytes from peripheral blood

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3
Q

What happens if a neuron forming a peripheral nerve doesn’t reach its target?

A

Apoptosis

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4
Q

What myelinates a peripheral nerve axon?

A

Schwann cell

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5
Q

What myelonates a central tract axon?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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6
Q

What are the 3 kinds of nerve injury?

A

Neuropraxia (endoneurium and axon are intact)
Axonotmesis (Endonerium is intact, axon is damaged)
Neurotmesis (Endoneurium and axon are damaged)

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7
Q

Which injury can you recover from? Which are not recoverable without surgery?

A

Neuropraxia does not need surgery
Neurotmesis needs surgery
Axonotmesis might need surgery

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8
Q

Why is the axon transport system important?

A

Keeps the axon alive by removing waster material back to the cell body/neuron and bringing “food” from the cell body/neuron

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9
Q

What is Wallarian degeneration in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Damage sever enough to result in degeneration of the axon distal to injury

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10
Q

What does the cell body/neuron do?

A

Chromatolysis

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11
Q

What is chromatolysis?

A

Swelling with nucleus moving to periphery

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12
Q

What do macrophages do?

A

Eat myelin debris

Signal schwann cells to replicate

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13
Q

What do the schwann cells do?

A

Dedifferentiate to premyelinating state and create pathway for growth of the growth cone/new axon

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14
Q

Is glutamate excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Excitatory

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15
Q

What does glutamate allow into the cell?

A

Calcium

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16
Q

Why does the CNS not show regeneration of the pons like the PNS?

A

Because the oligodendrocytes are (insert bad word here)
Neurons do not show chromatolysis
Microglia are slow and produce inflammatory cytokines
Astrocytes create glial scars

17
Q

What cell is the macrophage of the CNS?

A

Microglia

18
Q

Which is better at encouraging axonal repair, schwann cells or oligodendrocytes?

A

Schwann cells

19
Q

Astrocytes prevent axonal growth by forming what?

A

Glial scar

20
Q

What 2 locations in the adult brain are neural stem cells found?

A 
Olfactory bulbs (subventricular zone)
Hippocampus (subgranular zone)
21
Q

If you lose a motor neuron, what are 2 processes that another motor neuron help fill the deficit?

A

Rerouting

Collateral sprouting

22
Q

What is the most common type of nerve injury?

A

Neuropraxia

23
Q

What does neuropraxia do?

A

Prevents transmission/conduction of electrical impulses

24
Q

What occurs with axonotmesis?

A

Distal wallerian degeneration, but spontaneous regeneration can occur

25
Q

What occurs with neurotmesis?

A

Distal wallerian degeneration, but spontaneous regeneration cannot occur

Neuroscience (18 decks)

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