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Neuroscience > Lab Practical > Flashcards

Lab Practical Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 sections of the skull?

A

Rostral cranial fossa
Middle cranial ofssa
Caudal cranial fossa

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2
Q

What are the demarcations/what is located within the rostral cranial fossa?

A

Everything from cribriform plate to optic chiasm

Olfactory bulbs are here

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3
Q

What are the demarcations/what is located within the middle cranial fossa?

A

Optic chiasm to sella turcica

Many cranial nerves are here

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4
Q

What are the demarcations/what is located within the caudal cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum, medulla, and pons to foramen magnum

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5
Q

What is the Monro-Kellie Doctrine?

A

Fixed cavity with CSF, brain parenchyma, and blood living in ventricles. An increase in one of these puts pressure on the others

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6
Q

What comes through the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory

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7
Q

What comes through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve

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8
Q

What comes through the orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducens
Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal

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9
Q

What comes through the rostral alar foramen?

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal

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10
Q

What comes through the round foramen?

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal

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11
Q

What does through the oval foramen?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal

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12
Q

What comes through the trigeminal canal?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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13
Q

What comes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Facial nerve

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14
Q

What comes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial nerve

Auditory: Vestibular/cochlear

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15
Q

What comes through the tympano-occipital fissure?

A

9, 10, 11

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16
Q

What comes through the jugular foramen?

A

9, 10, 11

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17
Q

What comes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

12

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18
Q

What comes through the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord

11

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19
Q

What are the layers of meninges from outside to inside?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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20
Q

What is unique between between the dura mater in the skull vs the spinal cord?

A

Skull is a potential space

Spinal cord is an epidural space filled with fat

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21
Q

Where does CSF live?

A

Subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater

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22
Q

Where can you collect CSF in the dog?

A

Cisternal cistern

Lumbar cistern

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23
Q

What does the falx cerebri do?

A

Separates the cerebrum into 2 cerebral hemispheres

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24
Q

What vasculature structure is present in the falx cerebri?

A

Dorsal sagittal sinus, which is where the arachnoid villi live (CSF reabsorbed here)

25
Q

What separates the cerebrum and cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

26
Q

What is found in the cerebrum?

A 
Corpus callosum
Lateral ventricle
White matter
Gray matter
Olfactory bulb/ CN 1
27
Q

What is found in the thalamus?

A 
Interthalamic adhesion
Third ventricle 
Pituitary
CN 2
Optic chiasm
Medial geniculate nucleus
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Optic tract
28
Q

What does the 3rd ventricle surround?

A

Interthalamic ahdhesion

29
Q

What is found in the midbrain/mesencephalon?

A

Rostral colliculi
Caudal colliculi
Tegmentum
Mesencephalic aqueduct

30
Q

What cranial nerves are found in the tegmentum?

A

3 and 4

31
Q

What makes up the metencephalon?

A

Cerebellum
Pons
4th ventricle

32
Q

What is found in the pons?

A

Transverse fibers of the pons

CN 5

33
Q

What cranial nerves are found in the myelencephalon/medulla?

A

6-12

34
Q

What is found in the myelencephalon?

A

Trapezoid body
Pyramids
4th ventricle

35
Q

What exits the lateral vertebral foramen?

A

Cervical nerve 1

36
Q

What exits the transverse vertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral artery and vein

37
Q

What is unique about the C1-2 joint that sets it apart from all other intervertebral joints?

A

It’s a synovial joint with no IV disc

38
Q

What ligaments connect C1-C2?

A 
Transverse ligament
Apical ligament of dens
Alar ligament
Dorsal atlanto-axial ligament
Atlanto-axial joint capsule
39
Q

What connects to the dorsal caudal surface of C2 in the dog?

A

Nuchal ligament

40
Q

Where does the nuchal ligament come from?

A

C2 to T1

41
Q

Does the cat have a nuchal ligament?

A

No

42
Q

What sets C6 apart from the other cervical vertebrae?

A

Large transverse processes

43
Q

What process is located dorsal to an intervertebral foramen?

A

Accessory process

44
Q

What exits/enters through an intervertebral foramen?

A

Spinal nerves

45
Q

What is the anticlinal space?

A

The disc space between T10 and 11

46
Q

Why are disk extrusions less likely from T1-T10?

A

There are intercapital ligaments

47
Q

What does the sacrum articulate with?

A

Ilial wings
L7
Cd 1

48
Q

What exits the dorsal sacral foramina?

A

Dorsal branches of the first 2 sacral spinal nerves

49
Q

What exits the pelvic sacral foramina?

A

Ventral branches of the first 2 sacral spinal nerves

50
Q

What ligaments connects between spinous processes?

A

Interspinous ligament

Supraspinous ligament

51
Q

What ligament runs on the dorsal and ventral surface of the vertebral body?

A

Dorsal longitudinal ligament

Ventral longitudinal ligament

52
Q

What are the muscles located dorsal to the transverse processes?

A

Epaxial (iliocostalis system, transversospinalis system, longissimus system)

53
Q

What muscles are located ventral to the vertebral body/transverse process? In the cervical vertebra?

A

Hypaxial muscles

Longus capitis, longus coli

54
Q

What are the histologic stains available to evaluate the brain?

A

H and E
Cresyl violet
Luxol fast blue
Immunohistochemistry stains (glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament)

55
Q

What does cresol violet do?

A

Evaluate neuronal cell body numbers and features

56
Q

What does luxe fast blue do?

A

Stains myelin in the white matter

57
Q

What does glial fibrillary acidic protein do?

A

Stains astrocytes

58
Q

What does neurofilament do?

A

Detects neurons and their processes

Neuroscience (18 decks)

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