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Neuroscience > Exam 4: Neuro Exam > Flashcards

Exam 4: Neuro Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is a two engine gait?

A

Short choppy gain in thoracic limbs with a long stride gate in the pelvic limbs

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2
Q

What is an ataxic gait?

A

Incoordination
Proprioceptive: does not know where limbs are in space
Vestibular: Loss of balance, head tilt, drifting, falling to one side
Cerebellar: Uncontrollable limb movements

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3
Q

What is a recumbent gait?

A

Lying on one side, not able to rise

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4
Q

What is an ambulatory gait?

A

Walking

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5
Q

What is a non-ambulatory gait?

A

Not walking

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6
Q

What is kyphotic posture?

A

Outward curvature of the spine, hunched back

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7
Q

What is lordosis?

A

Inward curvature of the spine

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8
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

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9
Q

How do you check CN 1?

A

Wave a noxious stimuli in front of patient

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10
Q

How do you check CN 2?

A

Menace response: cover one eye while moving hand towards eye without creating a gust of wind or touching whiskers and checking for blinking
Following response: cover one eye while throwing cotton ball across field of open eye and making sure they follow

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11
Q

How do you check CN 3?

A

Eye position: check for eye symmetry while looking at patient head on
Pupillary light reflex: Shining transilluminator into one eye, pupil should constrict (direct). Quickly glance into opposite eye to check for constriction (consensual)

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12
Q

How do you check CN 4?

A

Make sure eyes are not deviated laterally

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13
Q

How do you check CN 5?

A

Sensory: cover eye and touch the inside of each nostril
Motor: check for symmetry of muscles of mastication and that patient can hold mouth closed

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14
Q

How do you check CN 6?

A

Take a soft cotton ball into a point and gently touch the eye ball. Eyeball should retract

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15
Q

How do you check CN 7?

A

Palpebral reflex: gently touch medial and lateral canthus to fully close eye

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16
Q

How do you check CN 8?

A

Hearing: make a loud noise
Nystagmus:
–Physiologic- slowly turn patient’s head and eyes should track/follow
–Spontaneous- look head on to se if eyes are continuously moving
–Induced- check if eyes continue to click or track

17
Q

How do you check CN 9 and 10?

A

Gag reflex

18
Q

How do you check CN 11?

A

Check for symmetry of cervical muscles and make sure there is not torticollis (head turn)

19
Q

How do you check CN 12?

A

Check tongue movement after gag reflex

20
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome?

A

Lack of sympathetic input to the eye

21
Q

Describe localization/syndrome in the cerebrum

A

Circling to side of lesion, normal gait with contralateral postural reaction deficits, mental status change, seizures

22
Q

Describe localization/syndrome in the diencephalon

A

Can look more cerebral or more midbrain

23
Q

Describe localization/syndrome in the midbrain

A

CN 3 and 4 deficits, decreased mental status, contralateral postural reaction deficits

24
Q

Describe localization/syndrome in the pons/medulla

A

CN 5-12 deficits, decreased mental status, ipsilateral postural reaction deficits

25
Q

Describe localization/syndrome in the cerebellum

A

Cerebellar ataxia, intention tremors, hypermetria

26
Q

Describe cervical localization/syndrome

A

C1-5
UMN to all 4 limbs
UMN bladder

27
Q

Describe cervicothoracic localization/syndrome

A

C6-T2
LMN forelimbs
UMN hindlimbs
UMN bladder

28
Q

Describe thoracolumbar localization/syndrome

A

T3-L3
Normal forelimbs
UMN hindlimbs
UMN bladder

29
Q

Describe lumbosacral localization/syndrome

A

L4-S3: normal forelimbs, LMN hindlimbs and bladder
L4-S1: Normal forelimbs, LMN hindlimb, UMN bladder
S1-3: Normal limbs, LMN bladder

30
Q

Describe neuromuscular localization/syndrome

A

Neuropathy, junctionopathy, myopathy

LMN to all 4 limbs

31
Q

Describe multi localization/syndrome

A

Multifocal

32
Q

Describe cardiovascular localization/syndrome

A

Heart disease leading up to syncope, aortic thromboembolism

33
Q

Describe orthopedic localization/syndrome

A

Bilateral stifle disease can look like spinal lesion

34
Q

Describe T3-L3 lesion

A

UMN hindlimbs: increased reflexes and tone muscles

UMN bladder: difficult to express

35
Q

Describe L4-S1 lesion

A

Femoral L4-5: extends stifle, patella reflex, flex hip
Sciatic L6, L7, S1: Extends hock, GST reflex, flex stifle
LMN hindlimbs
UMN bladder

36
Q

Describe S1-3 lesion

A

Pelvic nerve: PSANS bladder/colon
Pudendal: Somatic motor and sensory to anal sphincter and EUS
Normal limbs
LMN bladder

37
Q

Describe C1-5 lesion

A

White matter to all 4 limbs
UMN to all 4 limbs: increased reflexes and tone
UMN bladder

38
Q

Describe C6-T2 lesion

A

Gray matter brachial plexus
LMN forelimbs: decrease reflexes and tone
White matter hindlimbs
UMN hindlimbs: increased reflexes and tone
Two engine gait
UMN bladder

Neuroscience (18 decks)

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