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Neuroscience > Lecture 5: Meninges, BBB, and CSF > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Meninges, BBB, and CSF Flashcards

1
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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2
Q

What is the enhancement the dura mater?

A

Pachymeninges

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3
Q

What is the enhancement if the arachnoid mater and pia mater?

A

Leptomeninges

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4
Q

What is the space between the skull and dura mater?

A

Epidural space (potential space)

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5
Q

What is the epidural space like in the spine?

A

It is filled with fat

It is an actual space

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6
Q

What is the space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater?

A

Subdural space (potential space)

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7
Q

What is the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?

A

Subarachnoid space

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8
Q

What is found in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

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9
Q

What are the invaginations of dura in the brain?

A

Falx Cerebri

Tenorium cerebelli

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10
Q

What does the falx cerebri do?

A

Separates the two cerebral hemispheres on the dorsal half

Houses dorsal sagittal sinus

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11
Q

What does the tenorium cerebelli do?

A

Separates the cerebellum from cerebrum

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12
Q

What is the path of CSF?

A

Lateral ventricle in each cerebral cortex
Interventricular foramen
Third ventricle around interthalamic adhesion
Mesencephalic aqueduct through midbrain
Fourth ventricle between pons/medulla and cerebellum
Lateral apertures to subarachnoid space OR central canal in spinal cord

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13
Q

What does CSF fill?

A

The ventricles and subarachnoid space

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14
Q

Where is CSF made?

A

Choroid plexus of lateral and fourth ventricles

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15
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

Highly vascularized area of pia mater invaginate into the ventricle covered by ependymal cells

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16
Q

What creates the blood-CSF barrier?

A

Tight junction between the choroid ependymal cells

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17
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

A

Arachnoid villi

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18
Q

What does CSF do?

A

Reduces effective weigh of brain by floating it
Protects from trauma
Maintains chemical environment for neurons by removing waste and providing micronutrients
Collection and analysis of cell count/type and protein count for diagnostics

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19
Q

Where do you collect CSF for analysis?

A

Cisternal or lumbar acquisition

20
Q

What should the CSF look like?

A

Clear and colorless

21
Q

What is the cell count of CSF?

A

Less than 5 total nucleated cell count

Mononuclear

22
Q

What is the protein count of CSF?

A

Less than 25 mg/dl cisternal

Less than 45 mg/dl lumbar

23
Q

What does it mean if the CSF is red tinged?

A

Xanthochromia

Previous hemorrhage

24
Q

What is red tinged CSF common with?

A

Equine herpes 1 myeloencephalopathy

25
Q

What does a high white count in CSF mean?

A

Meningitis, inflammation

26
Q

What does high protein in CSF mean?

A

Meningitis, tissue damage

27
Q

What happens to the ventral spinal artery become at the foramen magnum?

A

Basilar artery

28
Q

What does the basilar artery give off?

A

Caudal cerebellar artery and labyrinthine artery

29
Q

When the basilar artery courses rostrally, what does it branch into?

A

Right and left to join carotid arteries

30
Q

What does the arterial blood supply in the dog form?

A

Arterial circle (Circle of Willis)

31
Q

What makes up the Circle of Willis?

A

Rostral cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Caudal cerebral artery
Rostral cerebellar artery

32
Q

What is the blood supply to the arterial circle in the cat, sheep, and ox?

A

Maxillary artery to middle meningeal artery and maxillary rete

33
Q

What does the maxillary artery come from?

A

External carotid artery

34
Q

Why do you not want to use a mouth gag in cats under anesthesia?

A

It can hyperextend the jaw, which could cut off the blood supply from the maxillary artery leading to cortical blindness

35
Q

Where is the rostral cerebral artery found?

A

Medial rostral cortex

36
Q

Where is the middle cerebral artery found?

A

Lateral cortex, deep white and gray matter

37
Q

Where is the caudal cerebral artery found?

A

Medial caudal cortex, midbrain

38
Q

Where is the rostral cerebellar artery found?

A

Rostral cerebellum, midbrain

39
Q

Where is the caudal cerebellar artery found?

A

Caudal cerebellum

40
Q

Where is the labyrinthine artery found?

A

Brainstem

41
Q

What is in the occipital bone for blood drainage?

A

Dorsal sagittal sinus and transverse sinus

42
Q

What mirrors the arterial circle in blood drainage?

A

Cavernous sinus

43
Q

What does the cavernous sinus drain into?

A

Maxillary, vertebral, occipital, and internal jugular veins

44
Q

What does the blood brain barrier do?

A

Keeps blood products out of the brain/CSF

45
Q

What does the blood-brain barrier limit?

A

Pathogen exposure in the brain

Medication exposure in the brain

46
Q

What is the composure of BBB?

A

Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells

Astrocytes foot processes surrounding capillaries

Neuroscience (18 decks)

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