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Neuroscience > Lecture 4: Brainstem > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the divisions of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
Pons and cerebellum (Metencephalon)
Medulla (Myelencephalon)

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2
Q

What is the dorsal midbrain called? Ventral?

A

Tectum

Tegmentum

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3
Q

What is found within the tectum?

A

2 rostral colliculi

2 caudal colliculi

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4
Q

What does the rostral colliculi do?

A

Visual reflex activity

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5
Q

What does caudal colliculi do?

A

Auditory reflex activity

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6
Q

What are the motor tracts originating from the brainstem?

A 
Rubrospinal tract
Pontine reticulospinal tract
Medullary reticulospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract
Tectotegmentospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
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7
Q

What does the pontine reticulospinal tract go to?

A

Extensor muscles

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8
Q

What does the medullary reticulospinal tract go to?

A

Flexor muscles

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9
Q

What does the tectotegmentospinal tract do?

A

SANS to T1-2 to sympathetic trunk for pupillary dilation

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10
Q

What does the tectospinal tract do?

A

Reflex auditory and visual activity to muscles of neck to turn head

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11
Q

What is the motor tract originating from the cerebral cortex?

A

Corticospinal tract

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12
Q

What is the path of the corticospinal tract down the brainstem?

A 
Corona radiata
Internal capsule
Crus cerebri
Longitudinal fibers of the pons
Pyramids
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13
Q

What are the functions of the reticular formation?

A

Wakefulness/ARAS
Motor function
Respiratory and cardiovascular control
Urination

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14
Q

Describe wakefulness/ARAS

A

Nonspecific thalamic nuclei

Diffuse cortical projection system

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15
Q

What tracts are involved with motor function controlled by reticular formation?

A

Pontine and medullary reticulospinal tract

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16
Q

What do chemoreceptors from carotid (CN 9) and aortic (CN 10) bodies do?

A

Increase respirations in response to decreased PaO2 or increased PaCO2

17
Q

What do baroreceptors from carotid sinus (CN 9) and aortic arch (CN 10) do?

A

Regulate heart rate and vascular resistance in response to blood pressure

18
Q

What controls the parasympathetic innervation of urination?

A

Pontine micturition center

19
Q

What controls the sympathetic innervation of urination?

A

Medullary micturition center

20
Q

Describe the pontine micturition center

A

PSANS, sacral cord to pelvic nerve to contract detrusor muscle for voiding

21
Q

Describe medullary micturition center

A

SANS, TL cord to hypogastric nerve to inhibit detrusor muscle and excitatory to bladder neck for filling

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