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Neuroscience > Exam 3: Visual System > Flashcards

Exam 3: Visual System Flashcards

1
Q

What does CN 3 innervate? Where is the nucleus?

A

Dorsal, ventral, and medial recti, and ventral oblique

Midbrain

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2
Q

What does CN 4 innervate? Where is the nucleus?

A

Dorsal oblique

Midbrain

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3
Q

What does CN 6 innervate? Where is the nucleus?

A

Retractor bulbi and lateral rectus

Brainstem

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4
Q

How are conjugate eye movements coordinated?

A

By the medial longitudinal fasciculus

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5
Q

What is strabismus? What are some causes?

A

Abnormal position of eyes

Neurologic or mechanical issues

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6
Q

What are some causes of upper eyelid drooping (CN and muscles)?

A

CN 7: frontalis, levator anguli
CN 3: Levator palpebrae superioris
Sympathetic: Muller’s muscles

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7
Q

What is the grown up term for upper eyelid drooping?

A

Ptosis

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8
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the eyelid?

A

CN 5: opthalmic branch to the medial side

CN 5: maxillary branch to the lateral side

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9
Q

What is the motor innervation to close the eyelid? Through what muscle?

A

CN 7

Orbicularis oculi

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10
Q

What causes neuroparalytic keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)?

A

CN 7 paralysis

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11
Q

What cause neurotrophic keratitis?

A

CN 5 issues

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12
Q

What does the corneal reflex test?

A

CN 5 and 6

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13
Q

What does the palpebral reflex test?

A

CN 5 and 7

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14
Q

What does the menace response test?

A

CN 2 and 7

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15
Q

What are the photoreceptors of the retina?

A

Rods and cones

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16
Q

Which photoreceptor of the retina works best in low light?

A

Rods (motion)

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17
Q

Which photoreceptor of the retina works best in light?

A

Cones (color)

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18
Q

Is the optic nerve a nerve or tract?

A

Tract

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19
Q

Axons from the right visual field hit the ______ retina of the right eye and the ______ retina of the left eye to course through the _______ nucleus and the left occipital lobe.

A

Medial
Lateral
Lateral geniculate

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20
Q

How much decussation occurs at the chiasm of people?

A

50%

21
Q

How much decussation occurs at the chiasm of birds?

A

100%

22
Q

How much decussation occurs at the chiasm of dogs?

A

75%

23
Q

How much decussation occurs at the chiasm of cats?

A

65%

24
Q

How much decussation occurs at the chiasm of farm animals?

A

75-80%

25
Q

What percent of fibers branch off the optic tract to influence pupillary light reflexes? Where are they going?

A

20%

Pretectal nucleus

26
Q

Will a disease of the retina cause vision deficits? PLR deficits?

A

Yes

Yes

27
Q

Will a disease of CN 2 cause vision deficits? PLR deficits?

A

Yes

Yes

28
Q

Will a disease of the optic chiasm cause vision deficits? PLR deficits?

A

Yes

Yes

29
Q

Will a disease of the LGN cause vision deficits? PLR deficits?

A

Yes

No

30
Q

Will a disease of PSANS nucleus of CN 3 cause vision deficits? PLR deficits?

A

No

Yes

31
Q

Will a disease of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum cause vision deficits? PLR deficits?

A

Yes

No

32
Q

Will a disease of CN 3 cause vision deficits? PLR deficits?

A

No

Yes

33
Q

Will a disease of the ciliary ganglion cause vision deficits? PLR deficits?

A

No

Yes

34
Q

Which ANS causes miosis? Mydriasis?

A

PSANS

SANS

35
Q

If you have good PLRs, does it mean you are visual?

A

No

36
Q

What is it called if you are blind with good PLR?

A

Cortical blindness

37
Q

Which is stronger in vet patients, direct or consensual PLR?

A

Direct

38
Q

When you shine a light in an eye and the eyelid blinks, what is that called? Can you say that the dog saw this light?

A

Dazzle reflex

No, but it lets you know that the optic nerve is intact

39
Q

If a pupil only constricts when light is shown into the opposite eye and is otherwise dilated all the time, where is the lesion?

A

Optic nerve

40
Q

Are TV shows correct when they freak out over “fixed and dilated” or “blown” pupils because this means a worse prognosis?

A

Yes

41
Q

What ganglion does the PSANS and SANS synapse on when traveling to the eye?

A

Cranial cervical

42
Q

What are the 4 clinical signs of lack of sympathetic tone to the eye?

A

Ptosis, enopthalmos, 3rd eyelid elevation, and miosis

43
Q

What muscles are being affected when there is a lack of sympathetic tone to the eye?

A

Ptosis:
Enopthalmos
3rd eyelid elevation: Muller’s muscles
Miosis: ciliary muscles

44
Q

What do horses do that is different from other species with Horner’s syndrome?

A

Sweating

45
Q

If you dim the lights in a room with a patient with anisocoria and the anisocoria worsens, is it PSANS or SANS issues causing the problem?

A

PSANS

46
Q

What is the most common thing that you might call Horner’s that has many of the same signs as Horner’s, but is not Horner’s? What area is affected with this disease?

A

Internal and external ophthalmoplegia (mydratic)

Cavernus sinus

47
Q

What other nerves can be affected with a lesion in the cavernus sinus?

A

3, 4 , 5o, 6

48
Q

What drug can you give to cause pupil dilation and pupil constriction in a denervated pupil showing hypersensitivity?

A

Phenylephrine- dilate- symphatomimetic
Pilocarpine- constrict- parasympathomimetic
Atropine dilates eye

Neuroscience (18 decks)

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