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First Semester: Physiology 1 > Lecture 7: ANS > Flashcards

Lecture 7: ANS Flashcards

1
Q

ANS coordinates what functions?

A

Coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and reproductive functions

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2
Q

What is another name for the ANS?

A

The visceral efferent motor system

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3
Q

ANS is concerned with what two things?

A

Internal organs and viscera

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4
Q

What is the function of the ANS?

A

regulate visceral activities to maintain homeostasis

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5
Q

Two types of neurons in the ANS

A

preganglionic and postganglionic

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6
Q

Where do preganglionic neurons originate?

A

in the CNS

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7
Q

Purpose of preganglionic neurons

A

Send axons to synapse on the ganglionic neurons in the autonomic ganglia outside the CNS

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8
Q

Where do postganglionic neurons originate?

A

from the autonomic ganglia

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9
Q

What is the purpose of postganglionic neurons?

A

Send axons to effector organs

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10
Q

Visceral efferents from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the vertebral spinal form the

A

Thoracolumbar division

or the Sympathetic division

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11
Q

What does the sympathetic division do?

A

Prepares body for heightened level of activity

Flight or fight

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12
Q

Visceral efferents from the brain and sacral segments of the vertebral spinal cord form

A

the craniosacral division or the parasympathetic division

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13
Q

Purpose of the parasympathetic division

A

Regulates activities that conserve and restore body energy during rest
Rest or repose

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14
Q

Innervation of most visceral organs

A

Most are dually innervated

By both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

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15
Q

Three types of dual innervation effects

A
  • Antagonistic
  • Complementary
  • Cooperative
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16
Q

Antagonistic effects on the heart

A

Regulation of heart rate, conduction velocity and force of contraction

17
Q

Antagonistic effects of the digestive tract

A

Sympathetic fibers inhibit

Parasympathetic stimulate intestinal movements and secretions

18
Q

Antagonistic effects of the eyes

A
  • Sympathetically innervated radial muscles of the iris dilate the pupil
  • Parasympathetically innervated circular muscles of the iris constrict the pupil
19
Q

Complementary effects of saliva secretion

A
  • Secretion (digestion) by parasympathetic

- Sympathetic stimulates salivary secretory cells

20
Q

Cooperative effects of reproduction system

A
  • Erection of penis is due to vasodilation from parasympathetic
  • Ejaculation is due to sympathetic
21
Q

Three organs solely innervated by sympathetic

A
  • Adrenal medulla
  • Sweat glands
  • Most blood vessels
22
Q

Blood vessel stimulation

A
  • Solely by sympathetic
  • Constriction - increased activity
  • Vasodilation - decreased activity
23
Q

Two distinct results of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

A
  • The release of norepinephrine at specific locations

- The secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the general circulation

24
Q

Two types of adrenergic receptors

A

Alpha

beta

25
Q

Most postganglionic fibers are adrenergic and release _____

A

norepinephrine

26
Q

Postganglionic fibers innervating sweat glands release _____ which binds to ______ receptors

A

acetylcholine

muscarinic

27
Q

All preganglionic fibers are ____. They release ___ which binds to ____ receptors

A

cholinergic
ACh
Nicotinic

28
Q

What are the sites of neurotransmitter storage and release in ANS post ganglionic neurons?

A

Beads or varicosities that line the branches

29
Q

Some nerve fibers of post ganglionic neurons of ANS contain vesicles which contain _____ or _____

A

acetylcholine

norepinephrine

30
Q

Neuroeffector junctions of the ANS

A

The junctions between postganglionic autonomic neurons and their effectors (target tissues)

31
Q

The neuroeffector junctions in ANS are analogous to what in the SNS?

A

Neuromuscular junctions

32
Q

Post ganglionic neuron in ANS vs motor neuron in SNS

A
  • A skeletal muscle fiber is innervated by a single motor neuron
  • Post-ganglionic neurons that innervate different target tissues form diffused branching networks

First Semester: Physiology 1 (34 decks)

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