Lecture 7: ANS Flashcards

1
Q

ANS coordinates what functions?

A

Coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and reproductive functions

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2
Q

What is another name for the ANS?

A

The visceral efferent motor system

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3
Q

ANS is concerned with what two things?

A

Internal organs and viscera

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4
Q

What is the function of the ANS?

A

regulate visceral activities to maintain homeostasis

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5
Q

Two types of neurons in the ANS

A

preganglionic and postganglionic

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6
Q

Where do preganglionic neurons originate?

A

in the CNS

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7
Q

Purpose of preganglionic neurons

A

Send axons to synapse on the ganglionic neurons in the autonomic ganglia outside the CNS

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8
Q

Where do postganglionic neurons originate?

A

from the autonomic ganglia

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9
Q

What is the purpose of postganglionic neurons?

A

Send axons to effector organs

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10
Q

Visceral efferents from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the vertebral spinal form the

A

Thoracolumbar division

or the Sympathetic division

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11
Q

What does the sympathetic division do?

A

Prepares body for heightened level of activity

Flight or fight

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12
Q

Visceral efferents from the brain and sacral segments of the vertebral spinal cord form

A

the craniosacral division or the parasympathetic division

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13
Q

Purpose of the parasympathetic division

A

Regulates activities that conserve and restore body energy during rest
Rest or repose

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14
Q

Innervation of most visceral organs

A

Most are dually innervated

By both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

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15
Q

Three types of dual innervation effects

A
  • Antagonistic
  • Complementary
  • Cooperative
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16
Q

Antagonistic effects on the heart

A

Regulation of heart rate, conduction velocity and force of contraction

17
Q

Antagonistic effects of the digestive tract

A

Sympathetic fibers inhibit

Parasympathetic stimulate intestinal movements and secretions

18
Q

Antagonistic effects of the eyes

A
  • Sympathetically innervated radial muscles of the iris dilate the pupil
  • Parasympathetically innervated circular muscles of the iris constrict the pupil
19
Q

Complementary effects of saliva secretion

A
  • Secretion (digestion) by parasympathetic

- Sympathetic stimulates salivary secretory cells

20
Q

Cooperative effects of reproduction system

A
  • Erection of penis is due to vasodilation from parasympathetic
  • Ejaculation is due to sympathetic
21
Q

Three organs solely innervated by sympathetic

A
  • Adrenal medulla
  • Sweat glands
  • Most blood vessels
22
Q

Blood vessel stimulation

A
  • Solely by sympathetic
  • Constriction - increased activity
  • Vasodilation - decreased activity
23
Q

Two distinct results of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

A
  • The release of norepinephrine at specific locations

- The secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the general circulation

24
Q

Two types of adrenergic receptors

A

Alpha

beta

25
Most postganglionic fibers are adrenergic and release _____
norepinephrine
26
Postganglionic fibers innervating sweat glands release _____ which binds to ______ receptors
acetylcholine | muscarinic
27
All preganglionic fibers are ____. They release ___ which binds to ____ receptors
cholinergic ACh Nicotinic
28
What are the sites of neurotransmitter storage and release in ANS post ganglionic neurons?
Beads or varicosities that line the branches
29
Some nerve fibers of post ganglionic neurons of ANS contain vesicles which contain _____ or _____
acetylcholine | norepinephrine
30
Neuroeffector junctions of the ANS
The junctions between postganglionic autonomic neurons and their effectors (target tissues)
31
The neuroeffector junctions in ANS are analogous to what in the SNS?
Neuromuscular junctions
32
Post ganglionic neuron in ANS vs motor neuron in SNS
- A skeletal muscle fiber is innervated by a single motor neuron - Post-ganglionic neurons that innervate different target tissues form diffused branching networks