Lecture 15: Introduction to Cardiovascular Flashcards
5 main functions of the cardiovascular system
- Distribution of O2 and nutrients to all tissues of the body
- Transportation of CO2 and metabolic waster products from the tissues to the lungs and excretory organs
- Distribution of water, electrolytes, and hormones throughout the body
- Contributing to the infrastructure of the immune system
- Thermoregulation
Three basic components of the cardiovascular system
- The heart
- The blood
- The blood vessels
The heart serves as a ____ that imparts pressure to the blood to establish
Pump
The pressure gradient needed for the blood flow to the tissues
Blood flows from the area of ___ pressure to an area of ___ pressure
high
low
Heart serves as an ___ ___ because it releases Atrial Natriuretic Peptide from the atria when
Endocrine organ
atrial blood pressure is increased
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Lowers the blood pressure by increasing the rate of urine production , thus reducing blood volume
The blood serves as
The transport medium within which materials being transported are dissolved or suspended
Blood vessels serve as
the passageways through which blood is directed and distributed from the heart to all parts of the body and subsequently returned to the heart
Endothelial cells line
the inner surface of blood vessles
Important endothelial vasodilators include:
- Nitric oxide
- Prostacyclin
Important endothelial vasoconstrictors include:
- Endothelin
- Thromboxane A2
On the basis of anatomy, the cardiovascular system can be divided into two main circuits:
- Systemic circulation
- Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation consists of
Left heart, systemic arteries, capillaries, and veins
Systemic circulation pressure?
High
Where does systemic circulation pump blood?
All organs
