Lecture 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

The body is constantly reacting and adjusting to changes in the internal and external environment in order to maintain

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

Two main control systems of the body

A

endocrine and nervous systems

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3
Q

The nervous system uses ____ _____ to coordinate rapid activities of the body such as muscle movements

A

electrical impulses

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4
Q

The nervous system also releases ______ that travel across the synaptic cleft to induce effects

A

neurotransmitters

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5
Q

Is the nervous system fast or slow

A

Very fast (milliseconds)

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6
Q

The endocrine system

A

secretes hormones into the blood for delivery to distant sites of action

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7
Q

The endocrine system primarily controls

A

metabolic and other activities that require duration (ex. maintenance of glucose levels)

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8
Q

Endocrine system duration of action

A

Long (minutes to days)

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9
Q

Two parts of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

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10
Q

CNS is composed of

A

the brain and the spine

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11
Q

CNS is responsible for

A

Integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory data and motor commands

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12
Q

Sensory data (input) conveys

A

information about external and internal conditions

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13
Q

Motor commands control or adjust

A

the activities of peripheral organs

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14
Q

The PNS includes

A

all neuronal tissue outside of the CNS

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15
Q

PNS is responsible for

A
  • Delivery of sensory info to the CNS

- Carrying motor commands to peripheral tissue and system

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16
Q

What carries info and commands in the PNS?

A

Bundles of nerve fibers called axons

17
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Nerves connected to the brain

18
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Nerves connected to the spine

19
Q

Three components of the nervous system pathway

A
  • Sensory afferent fibers (detects)
  • Integrative component (processes and stores data)
  • Motor efferent fibers (generates movements and glandular secretions)
20
Q

Afferent neurons (sensory)

A

Has sensory neuron at its peripheral end which generates action potentials in response to a certain stimulus (ex stretch)

21
Q

Cell bodies of afferent neurons are devoid of

22
Q

Efferent neurons generally lie in the ____ but cell bodies originate and receive inputs in the _____.

23
Q

Efferent neuron axons extend from ____ to ___ ____.

A

CNS

effector organ

24
Q

An autonomic nerve pathway consists of

A

A two-neuron chain between the CNS and effector organ

25
Interneurons lie entirely in the
CNS
26
About ___% of neurons are interneurons
99
27
Interneurons are between
efferent and afferent neurons
28
Interneurons integrate
Peripheral responses to peripheral information
29
Interneurons are responsible for
distribution of sensory information and the coordination of motor activity organs
30
The sensory systems receive information from the environment via
specialized receptors in the periphery and transmit this information to the CNS (sensory receptors)
31
3 types of sensory receptors
- Exteroceptors - Propioceptors - Interoceptors
32
Exteroceptors
Provides info about the external environment in the form of touch, temp, and the five senses
33
Propioceptors
Monitors the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints
34
Interoceptors
Monitors the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems