Lecture 1: Introduction

Question 1

The body is constantly reacting and adjusting to changes in the internal and external environment in order to maintain

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

Two main control systems of the body

Answer 2

endocrine and nervous systems

Question 3

The nervous system uses ____ _____ to coordinate rapid activities of the body such as muscle movements

Answer 3

electrical impulses

Question 4

The nervous system also releases ______ that travel across the synaptic cleft to induce effects

Answer 4

neurotransmitters

Question 5

Is the nervous system fast or slow

Answer 5

Very fast (milliseconds)

Question 6

The endocrine system

Answer 6

secretes hormones into the blood for delivery to distant sites of action

Question 7

The endocrine system primarily controls

Answer 7

metabolic and other activities that require duration (ex. maintenance of glucose levels)

Question 8

Endocrine system duration of action

Answer 8

Long (minutes to days)

Question 9

Two parts of the nervous system

Answer 9

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Question 10

CNS is composed of

Answer 10

the brain and the spine

Question 11

CNS is responsible for

Answer 11

Integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory data and motor commands

Question 12

Sensory data (input) conveys

Answer 12

information about external and internal conditions

Question 13

Motor commands control or adjust

Answer 13

the activities of peripheral organs

Question 14

The PNS includes

Answer 14

all neuronal tissue outside of the CNS

Question 15

PNS is responsible for

Answer 15

• Delivery of sensory info to the CNS

- Carrying motor commands to peripheral tissue and system

Question 16

What carries info and commands in the PNS?

Answer 16

Bundles of nerve fibers called axons

Question 17

Cranial nerves

Answer 17

Nerves connected to the brain

Question 18

Spinal nerves

Answer 18

Nerves connected to the spine

Question 19

Three components of the nervous system pathway

Answer 19

• Sensory afferent fibers (detects)
• Integrative component (processes and stores data)
• Motor efferent fibers (generates movements and glandular secretions)

Question 20

Afferent neurons (sensory)

Answer 20

Has sensory neuron at its peripheral end which generates action potentials in response to a certain stimulus (ex stretch)

Question 21

Cell bodies of afferent neurons are devoid of

Answer 21

Dendrites

Question 22

Efferent neurons generally lie in the ____ but cell bodies originate and receive inputs in the _____.

Answer 22

PNS

CNS

Question 23

Efferent neuron axons extend from ____ to ___ ____.

Answer 23

CNS

effector organ

Question 24

An autonomic nerve pathway consists of

Answer 24

A two-neuron chain between the CNS and effector organ

Question 25

Interneurons lie entirely in the

Answer 25

CNS

Question 26

About ___% of neurons are interneurons

Answer 26

99

Question 27

Interneurons are between

Answer 27

efferent and afferent neurons

Question 28

Interneurons integrate

Answer 28

Peripheral responses to peripheral information

Question 29

Interneurons are responsible for

Answer 29

distribution of sensory information and the coordination of motor activity organs

Question 30

The sensory systems receive information from the environment via

Answer 30

specialized receptors in the periphery and transmit this information to the CNS (sensory receptors)

Question 31

3 types of sensory receptors

Answer 31

• Exteroceptors
• Propioceptors
• Interoceptors

Question 32

Exteroceptors

Answer 32

Provides info about the external environment in the form of touch, temp, and the five senses

Question 33

Propioceptors

Answer 33

Monitors the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints

Question 34

Interoceptors

Answer 34

Monitors the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems