Lecture 7

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

DNA to RNA
mRNA used to carry genetic information
from genome to ribosome
Molecules: promoter, DNA template, and nucleotides
Enzymes/Proteins: sigma factor, RNA polymerase, and RNA polymerase

Question 2

Translation

Answer 2

RNA to protein
transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 3

Class 1 Topoisomerases

Answer 3

single stranded break

Question 4

Class 2 Topoisomerases

Answer 4

double stranded break ex. DNA gyrase

Question 5

Transcription 3 steps

Answer 5

Initiation: promoter region– sigma factor
Elongation: DNA template– RNA polymerase
Termination: signal sequence

Question 6

Transcription in Archaea

Answer 6

differences from bacteria:
1) RNA polymerase structure
2) promoter region
3) presence of introns

Question 7

tRNA

Answer 7

links codons in mRNA to amino acids in proteins
short, single-stranded RNA

Question 8

Translation 3 steps

Answer 8

Initiation: ribosome-mRNA complex, ribosome binding site (“Shine-Dalgarno Sequence”)
Elongation: match tRNAs, add amino acids, and amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Termination: Release Factors (RFs), recognize stop codons, and release new protein