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DPT 701 > Lecture 6 Thoracic Wall and lungs > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Thoracic Wall and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic Cavity boundaries

A

Superior Boundary: thoracic outlet; root of neck
Inferior Boundary: the 3 openings

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2
Q

Inferior Boundary 3 openings

A

Caval: inferior vena cava crossing right dome T8 vertebral level

Esophageal Hiatus: T10 level, in right crus folding

Aortic hiatus: T12 level, by right and left crus of the diaphragm; median arcuate ligament

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3
Q

Thoracic vertebrae landmarks that articulate with ribs

A

-Demifacet articulates with ribs
- transverse process costal articulation with neck of rib

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4
Q

T1 has what for the first rib

A

1 full facet

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5
Q

T9-10 have no…

A

superior demifacet

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6
Q

T11/12 have no…

A

no facets on trans processes

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7
Q

What forms intervertebral foramen and what are its contents

A

The vertebral bodies and the sup/inf articulating processes form it, and It includes spinal nerves and arteries

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8
Q

The head of every rib except for (blank) have demifacets

A

1,10,11,12

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9
Q

How many full facets on the head of 1,10,11,12th rib

A

One on each

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10
Q

Which ribs have no tubercle on the neck?

A

11 and 12

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11
Q

Which rib articulates at the sternal angle (manubriosternal joint)

A

Rib 2

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12
Q

Which rib articulates with the facet on the xiphosternal joint

A

the 7th rib

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13
Q

The head of ribs and the demi/full facet on vertebrae form a

A

Costovertebral joint

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14
Q

The rib neck and the facet on the transverse process form a

A

Costotransverse joint

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15
Q

The inferior rib neck and superior transverse process are connected by

A

the Superior costotransverse ligament

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16
Q

This ligament is on the same level as the transverse process and the rib neck

A

Lateral/costotransverse ligament

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17
Q

Name the true ribs and where they articulate

A

1: manubrium
2: sternal angle
3-6: sternal body
7: xiphosternal junction

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18
Q

Name the false ribs and where they articulate

A

8-10: cartilage fused with 7th ribs cartilage (the costal margin)
11-12: floating

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19
Q

How many intercostal spaces are there?

A

11 (between every rib)

20
Q

Planes of motion of true and false ribs

A

True ribs 1-7: coronal (pump handle)
False ribs 8-10: sagittal (bucket handle)

21
Q

(blank) has only somatic motor; there is no (blank) dermatome

A

C1; C1

22
Q

Palpateable dermatome T levels and where they are

A

T4: at/above nipple line or at root of breast
T6: xiphoid process level
T10: umbilical level
T12: along iliac crest to pubic tubercle

23
Q

Sympathetic innervation:
Parasympathetic innervation:

A

-T1-T4 level; no direct innervation; descending from cervical ganglia; following ventral rami to support thoracic wall
- Vagus nerve (CN 11)

24
Q

Intrinsic blood supply: superior, posterior, and anterior

A

Superior: Supreme intercostal artery (branch from costocervical trunk)

Posterior: posterior intercostal artery (branch from aorta)

Anterior: internal thoracic artery, branch from subclavian
- anterior intercostal
- musculophrenic along costal margin
- superior epigastricc

25
Q

The subclavian artery is the midpoint of

A

the clavicle/ lateral border of the first rib

26
Q

The axillary artery is the inferior border of the

A

teres major

27
Q

Three parts of the axillary artery

A

Screw The Lawyer, Save A Patient

1) Superior thoracic artery
2) Thoracoacromial + Lateral thoracic
3) Subscapular + Anterior + Posterior circumflex

28
Q

What nerves innervate organs in the thoracic cavity

A

T1-T4 visceral nerves and Vagus nerve (CN 10)

29
Q

External intercostal fiber orientation vs Internal/innermost

A

External: Top left to bottom right
In: Top right to bottom left

30
Q

neuromuscular bundles in intercostal space =

A

Major bundle: VAN, cutaneous branch; located on the inferior border of superior rib and runs between the inner and innermost intercostals

Muscular/collateral bundle: NAV; located on superior border of inferior rib; also runs between inner/innermost intercostals

31
Q

The diaphragm is an

A

extrinsic thoracic muscle

32
Q

Which diaphragm dome is higher and why

A

Right dome because of liver space

33
Q

Intercostal nerve innervates:

A

transverse thoracis and subcostals

34
Q

Internal intercostal muscles help with

A

Expiration

35
Q

Break down the pleural cavity

A
  • 2 lungs
  • parietal pleura = innervated by somatic cutaneous nerves; is along the mediastinum (phrenic nerve)
  • Visceral pleura - outer layer of lungs innervated by visceral sensory nerves or none at all
  • intrapleural pressure is always at or below -4mmHg
36
Q

Break down the mediastinum

A
  • holds the heart in the pericardial cavity
  • esophagus, trachea, bronchi, giant cardiac vessels
  • 2 serous membrane layers wrap all internal organs from endoderm/mesoderm with some exceptions
37
Q

Expansion vs compression of pleural cavity

A

Expansion = elevation of rib cage, less than -4mmHg, inspiration

Compression = depression of rib cage, back to -4mmHg, expiration

38
Q

the accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity is called

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

39
Q

Atmospheric pressure vs pleural pressure

A

Atm: 760 mmHg
P: 756 mmHg

40
Q

What is a pneumothorax and how is it treated

A

A collapsed lung when pleural cavity is above -4mmHg; tube is inserted above superior border of 5th or 6th rib to avoid cutaneous branch

41
Q

right vs left lung pulmonary artery to bronchi relashionship

A

RALS = Right anterior Left superior

(right lung has pulm artery anterior to bronchi and left lung has pulm artery superior to bronchi)

42
Q

Which bronchi is more vertical?

A

RIght bronchi

43
Q

What supplys the lungs for normal functions

A

Bronchial arteries and veins

43
Q

Compare the lobes and fissures on each lung

A

Right: 3 lobes; 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal)

Left: 2 lobes with a lingula (degenerated middle lobe) and 1 oblique fissure

43
Q

Main site for O2 exchange is ..

A

Alveoli (single layer of specialized epithelia)

44
Q

Difference between pulmonary trunk and veins

A

Trunk= R+L pulm artery, low O2, BLUE

R+L Veins = high O2, RED

DPT 701 (13 decks)

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