Lecture 5 leg ankle and foot Flashcards
C1 has only (blank) rami…
ventral rami out for somatic motor functions only
Posterolateral plafond =
posterior malleolus of tibia
Tarsals =
Midfoot + hindfoot
Which tarsal has no muscle attachments?
Talus
Over 60% of the Talus is covered by
Articular cartilage
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is like
Avascular necrosis
Femoral triangle boundaries and contents?
Boundaries:
Medial: adductor longus
Lateral: sartorius
Floor = pectinous medially, iliopsoas laterally
Contents:
Femoral V.A.N (medial to lateral)
Severs disease =
Achilles tendon pulls the growth plate off calcaneus (apophysis) in young kids
Talocrural joint is comprised of
malleoli of tibia/fibula; plafond (posterior malleolus); talus
Sinus tarsi =
lateral foot pooling with blood due to injury
Lisfranc joint =
Tarsometatarsal joint
Choparts joint =
Transverse tarsal joint (midfoot+forefoot)
Name the three foot arches
Transverse (medial to lateral), medial transverse, and lateral transverse
ADD/plantarflexion/ inversion; raising arch =
Supination
ABD/dorsiflexion/ eversion ; depressing arch =
Pronation
Medial/Inferior calcaneal and medial/lateral plantar nerves are…
Calcaneal= cutaneous only
Plantar= mixed
L3 dermatome
-Dorsal ramus for lower back
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve for lateral thigh
- femoral nerve for middle anterior thigh
- obturator nerve for the medial thigh to the knee
Medial leg to the foot arch =
L4 dermatome femoral nerve (saphenous)
Posterior leg to lateral foot =
sural nerve
Dorsal foot except for area between big toe and 2nd toe =
Superficial fibular nerve
Area between big toe and second toe =
Deep fibular nerve
Popliteal artery to tibial artery:
Popliteus
Saphenous veins are commonly used for
grafts
Muscle that unlocked the knee when initiating flexion by pulling lateral meniscus
Popliteus
The posture muscle
Soleus
Tom dick and henry (tarsal tunnel) from anterior to posterior
-Tibialis posterior tendon
- Flexor digitorum longus tendon
- tibial artery
- tibial nerve
- flexor hallucis longus tendon
What occurs when the tibialis anterior muscle is compromised
Foot drop
Anastomosis (connection) of medial/lateral plantar cutaneous innervation
Mortons neuroma
Special test: full weight bearing with big toe extension; passively extend big toe then push medial arch
Windlass test
There are two (blank) bones around distal attachment of each head of flexor hallucis longus
Sesamoid
DAB and PAD
Dorsal interossi = DAB
Plantar interossi= PAD
Weakness of intrinsic foot muscles can cause
Clawed toes
Fat pad atrophy special tests
- deep palpation of heel to reproduce pain
- squeeze heel together before palpation to reduce pain
