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dpt 701 > Lecture 1 Vertebral column and spinal cord > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Vertebral column and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

Four curvatures of the spine? Which are you born with?

A

Cervical lordosis (ext)
Thoracic kyphosis (flx)
Lumbar lordosis (ext)
Sacral kyphosis (flx)

Born with kyphosis (in flexed position)

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2
Q

C1 and C2 names a structures

A

C1: Atlas; no spinous process or body
C2: Axis; absorbed body of atlas to form dens

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3
Q

Cervical spinous processes feature

A

Bifurcated spinous processes (Only on C2-C6)

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4
Q

Thoracic vertebrae important structres

A

transverse processes articulating facets w/ ribs

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5
Q

Lumbar vertebrae important structures

A

Has an accessory process on the transverse process and a mamillary process on the superior articulating facet

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6
Q

Center of gravity on the human body

A

Sacrum S2

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7
Q

Multifidi attachement point

A

Dorsal surface of sacrum

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8
Q

Piriformis attachment point

A

Ventral surface of the sacrum

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9
Q

Where do the dorsal/ventral rami exit?

A

Sacral foramina

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10
Q

How does the sacrum articulate with the coccyx?

A

Cornu of the coccyx

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11
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

“Yes” head movement; articulation of superiror articular facet of atlas and occipital condyle

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12
Q

Atlanto-odontoid joint

A

“No” head movement; transverse ligament of the atlas and the dens of the axis

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13
Q

Atlanto axial joint

A

Between axis and atlas, no disc between the two

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14
Q

What type of joint are the vertebral bodies and the discs

A

cartilagenous joints

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15
Q

T1 MRI = ?

A

FAT1 (only fat is white)

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16
Q

T2 MRI = ?

A

WW2 (water and fat are both white)

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17
Q

CT Scan = ?

A

Bones are extremely white, cannot see much other tissue/organs

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18
Q

X - ray = ?

A

1 view is no view! Converts 3-d structures into 2-d

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19
Q

Name the Spinal ligaments

A

Anterior Longitudinal ligament (ALL) and Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
PLL = narrow caudally (posterior disc herniation) and broad cranially (tectorial membrane)

20
Q

Specialized ligaments anterior to tectorial membrane and attachments

A

Transverse ligament of Atlas: C1 anterior arch
Apical ligament: dens of C2
Alar ligament: diagonal; dens of C2

21
Q

Functional spinal unit consists of …

A

2 adjacent vertebral bodies and the intervertebral disc (and their articulations)

22
Q

Anterior articulation of spinal unit

A

Vertebral body and disc; carry 70% of stress

23
Q

Posterior articulation of spinal unit

A

faceted vertebrae; carry 30% of stress

24
Q

C3-C7 bodies form what type of joint

A

Uncovertebral joint

25
Q

Orientation of facets (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar)

A

C: 45 degrees
T: oblique laterally
L: oblique medially and almost vertial

26
Q

Where most, least, and no amount of rotation occurs

A

Most: C1-C2 atlanto-odontoid joint
Least: lumbar region because of the orientation of facets
No: atlanto occipital joint (C1 and occipital condyle)

27
Q

Most common disc herniation

A

Disc injuries are difficult to heal, most common is posterolateral herniation

28
Q

Afferent vs Efferent

A

Afferent = info in
Efferent = info out (get the eff out of here)

29
Q

Central nervous system =

A

Sensory –> Somatic (muscles, bones, soft tissue) and visceral (internal organs and vessels)

30
Q

Peripheral nervous system =

A

Motor –> somatic and visceral

31
Q

PNS info in (afferent) =
PNS info out (efferent) =

A

Afferent = sensory
Efferent = Motor

32
Q

Somatic motor (PNS) =

A

Skeletal muscles

33
Q

Visceral motor (PNS) =

A

cardiac/smooth muscles

34
Q

Visceral motor subdivisions =

A

Sympathetic (fight or flight) = 1st cell + preganglionic axon and 2nd cell + postganglionic axon

Parasympathetic (rest and digest) = 1st cell + preganglionic axon and 2nd cell + postganglionic axon

35
Q

How many axons can a neuron have

A

Either 0 or 1, but that axon can have over 1000 axon terminals

36
Q

Satellite cell =

A

dorsal root ganglion; supporting glia of PNS

37
Q

Ganglion =

A

cluster outside CNS

38
Q

Nucleus =

A

cluster inside CNS

39
Q

Describe the binary division of the nervous system

A

CNS = somatic and visceral sensory
PNS = somatic; and visceral motor (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

40
Q

Conus medullaris =

A

Cone shape at end of spinal cord

41
Q

Cavda equina =

A

horse tail

42
Q

Gray matter vs white matter and dorsal vs ventral horn responsibilities

A

Gray mater = nonmyelinated (slower)
White matter = myelinated (faster)

Dorsal horn = sensory
Ventral horn = motor

43
Q

Protective Meninges from outside to in

A
  • Dura mater (dura sac)
    -Arachnoid mater
  • pia mater (around spinal cord)
44
Q

Dura mater forms what?

A

Filum terminale externum

45
Q

Pia matter forms what?

A

Denticulate ligament ( connects pia to cord) and filum terminale internum

46
Q

Most common herniation in lumbar region

A

Posteior herniation

47
Q

Ucinate proccess

A

C3-C7

dpt 701 (13 decks)

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