Lecture 6 (Communication) Flashcards
Downward and upward communication meaning
Vertical communication:
Downward - communication to a lower level in the organization
Upward - communication to a higher level in the organization
Lateral communication
Communication to a same level position in the organization as you
Three forms of communication
Oral, written and nonverbal
Oral communication pros cons
Pros: Speed, Feedback, exchange
Cons: Distortion of info
Written communication pros cons
Pros: Long-term, Quick, tangible and verifiable
Cons: Specific, time-consuming
Nonverbal communications pros cons
Pros: Real hidden message
Cons: Culture differences, Misinterpration
Type of questions in verbal communication
-Closed
-Open
-Probe
-Reflective
-Multiple
-Leading
-Hypothetical
Closed and open type of questions meaning
Closed - yes or no
Open - Introduces subject
Probe question meaning
follow up on an open question – what else can you tell me about that?
Reflective question meaning
Reflects upon something – You thought the FOiS lecture was boring?
Multiple questions meaning
Several questions at once – How do you feel about the exam and wasn’t Q4 difficult?
Leading questions meaning
Questions aimed to get a desired answer – Don’t you think Fons Naus is great?
Hypothetical questions meaning
What if questions – What would happen if we drink vodka during a class?
Communication network two types
Formal and informal
Communication network subtypes
Formal:
-Chain
-Wheel
-All channel
Informal:
-Grapevine
Chain communication network
You only communicate to your superior or someone who is one position higher than you
Wheel communication network
one central figure to whom everyone communicates to
All channel communication network
Everyone is allowed to communicate to everyone
Speed, accuracy, emerge of a leader and member satisfaction in communication networks
Chain network:
Moderate speed, High accuracy, Moderate emergence of a leader, Moderate member satisfaction
Wheel network:
Fast speed, High accuracy, High emergence of a leader, low member satisfaction
All channel network:
Fast speed, Moderate accuracy, No emergence of a leader, High member satisfaction
Communication barriers consist of:
-Filtering
-Selective perception
-Information overload
-Emotions
-Language
-silence
-communication apprehension
-lying
Filtering barrier meaning
A sender’s manipulations of information so that it will be seen more favorably by the receiver
Communication apprehension meaning
Undue tension and anxiety about oral communication, written communication, or both
High and low context communication meaning
High-context cultures: Cultures that rely heavily on nonverbal and subtle situational cues in communication.
Low-context cultures: Cultures that rely heavily on words to convey meaning in communication.
Communication serves these functions:
1.management,
2.feedback,
3.emotional sharing,
4.persuasion,
5.information exchange
Meaning of formal channels of communication
Formal channels are communication channels established by an organization
to transmit messages related to the professional activities of members
Meaning of informal channels of communication
Informal channels are communication channels that are created spontaneously and that emerge as responses to individual choices
Two ways of processing information
Automatic and controlled processing
Automatic processing of info meaning
Surface level consideration of evidence
and information, making use of heuristics
Controlled processing of info meaning
detailed consideration of evidence and information relying on facts, figures, and logic
When is the audience more likely to use automatic processing of info
When:
-Not interested
-Poorly informed
-information transmitted through relatively lean channels
Cultural communication factors
-Semantic barriers
-Word connotation barriers
-Tone difference barriers
-Tolerance for conflict barriers
Semantic barrier meaning
obstacle which distorts the meaning of a message being sent.
Word connotation barrier meaning
obstacle when there are literal and another meaning for a word
