Lecture 1 Flashcards
Organizational behaviour definition
field of study that studies impact that individuals, groups and structures (three different levels) have on behaviour in organizations, to optimize organization’s effectiveness
On which 3 levels issues are tackled in OB
individuals, groups and structures
“Individuals” level consists of:
-Perception
-Emotions
-Decision making
-Job attitudes
-Motivation
“Groups” level consists of:
-Leadership
-Group dynamics
-Groups vs teams
“Structures/organizations” level consists of:
-Change
-Culture
-Structure
-Power & conflict
Personality definition
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others
Personality is a result of
heredity (genes) and individual’s environment
Values (individual level) described as:
What to individual is right, good, desirable, preferable. Values
are stable and enduring
Value system consists of 2 parts:
Content and intensity
Content meaning in value system
What do we find important?
Intensity meaning in value system
How important do we find said values?
2 type of values
Instrumental values and terminal values
Instrumental values meaning
values which ask how will you accomplish your goals
Terminal values meaning
our end goals
5 dimensions of Hoefstede
- Power distance
- Individualism/Collectivism
- Masculinity/Femininity
- Uncertainty avoidance
- Long-term/Short-term orientation
What does Hoeftede’s dimensions explain?
differences in national culture and, therefore, also differences
in national values
Explain “Power distance”
Hofstede’s dimension
Inequalities of power and wealth
Explain Individualism/Collectivism
Hofstede’s dimension
Act as individual or rather as member of a group
explain Masculinity/Femininity
Hofstede’s dimension
Separate or same roles for men and women
explain Uncertainty avoidance
Hofstede’s dimension
Acceptance or avoidance of ambiguity (being open to more than one interpretation)
explain Long-term / short-term orientation
Hofstede’s dimension
focusing on shor or long term goals
Meaning of systematic approach
belief that behaviour is not random
Systematic study
looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence.
Evidence-based management (EBM)
complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence
Systematic study and EBM add to:?
intuition about what makes others “tick.”
OB built on these disciplines:
Psychology
Social psychology
Sociology
Anthropology
the contingency variables meaning
situational factors or variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables
[ We can say x leads
to y, but only under conditions specified in z(cont. var.)]
Workforce diversity meaning
One of the most important challenges for organizations.
A trend by which organizations are becoming more heterogeneous (of various characteristics)
What does working remote cause
feeling as a person is not part of a team
Positive organizational scholarship/behaviour (POS)
a growing area in OB research
Studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential
Ethical dilemmas and ethical choices
Requirement to identify right and wrong conduct
Model explain
simplified representation of real-world phenomenon
Inputs meaning
variables [like personality, group structure, organizational culture] which lead to processes
Processes
actions that individuals, groups and organizations engage in as a result of inputs that lead to certain outcomes
Outcomes explain
Key variables that you want to explain or predict, and are affected by some other variables
Explain basic OB model
Inputs > Processes > Outcomes —> Inputs…..
Organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) meaning
Discretionary behaviour that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace
Withdrawal behaviour meaning
set of actions employees take to separate themselves from the organization
Group cohesion meaning
The extent to which members of a group support and validate one another while at work
Task performance meaning
Combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing core job tasks
Group functioning meaning
Quantity and quality of a group’s work output
effectiveness meaning
the degree to which an organization meets the needs of its clientele or customers
efficiency meaning
The degree to which an organization can
achieve its ends at a low cost
Organization survival meaning
The degree to which an organization is able to exist and grow over the
long term
Personality traits meaning
enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior
Heredity meaning
genetical factors gaines at birth
Personality frameworks
Myers-Briggs Typer Indicator (MBTI),
The Big Five Personality Model
Constellation of negative personality traits
The Dark Triad
Core self-evaluations (CSEs) meaning
most important conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person
Self-monitoring meaning
personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors
Proactive personality
People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs
Situation strength theory
theory indicating that the way personality translates into behavior depends on the strength of the situation
Situation strength meaning
The degree to which norms, cues, or
standards dictate appropriate behavior
Situation strength elements
- Clarity
- Consistency
- Constraints
- Consequences
Trait Activation theory (TAT)
Predicts that some situations, events, or interventions “activate” a trait more than others.
