Lecture 6: Approach to medical diseases of the equine large colon Flashcards

1
Q

Diarrhea is an issue in which part of intestines

A

Large colon

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2
Q

What are the top 10 differential diagnoses of equine colitis

A
  1. Salmonella spp
  2. Clostridia spp
  3. Antibiotic induced
  4. Potomac horse fever
  5. Equine enteric coronavirus
  6. Larval cyathostominosis
  7. Blister beetle/cantharidin
  8. NSAIDS
  9. Sand colic
  10. Carbohydrate overload
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3
Q

How many negative test do you need to diagnosis clearance of salmonella

A

5 negative tests

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4
Q

What is treatment for Potomac horse fever

A

Tetracycline and supportive case

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5
Q

What is treatment for laraval cyathostominosis

A

Moxidectin and supportive care

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6
Q

What type of feed is the blister beetle/cantharidin associated with

A

Alfalfa

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7
Q

T or F: give oil to horses with blister beetle/cantharidin

A

F= will increase absoprtion of toxin

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8
Q

What part of the intestines is most likely affected by NSAIDS

A

Right dorsal colon—> ulceration—> strictures in mucosa—> chronic colic

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9
Q

What tests can be run to determine sand is present

A

Sand float

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10
Q

What can be used to treat sand colic

A

Psyllium, oil

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11
Q

What is a huge risk for carbohydrate overload

A

Laminitis risk

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12
Q

What should you do to treat carbohydrate overload

A

Gastric lavage, activated charcoal, biosponge

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13
Q

How do you diagnose impactions in equine large colon

A

Rectal palpation

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14
Q

T or F: fever is present in simple impactions

A

False

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15
Q

Case example: 13yr Gypsy Vanner with colic signs, depressed, bloated, T=103.1 P=56, R=28, hypermotile GI sounds, bright red mucous membranes
Rectal: everything in normal location, large colon filled with fluid, then exslosive diarrhea- what is your most immediate concern and what do you do next

A

Biosecurity- diarrhea is treated as infectious until proven otherwise
1. Referral
2. Isolate horse
2. Separate personnel handle this horse last
3. Foot baths

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16
Q

Blood work results:
CBC: WBC decreased, HCT increased, platelets increased, neutrophils decreased, bands increased, lymphocytes decreased, fibrinogen increased

What does this tell you

A

dehydrated, acute inflammation, bands- immature neutrophils, fibrinogen- acute inflammation

17
Q

Blood work results:
Chemistry: decrease total protein, albumin increased indirect bilirubin, increase creatinine, decrease Na, Cl-

A

Losing protein to intestines, dehydrated, anorexia

18
Q

Arterial blood gas results:
PH: 7.2
PCO2- 40
PO2-95
HCO3-15.1
BEecf: -11.4
SO2- 99

What does this tell you

A

Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

19
Q

Test results;
Salmonella culture positive, clostridia positive, toxins negative, coronavirus negative, FEC 50epg

What is diagnosis

A

Salmonella colitis

20
Q

What is treatment plan for horse with salmonella colitis

A
  1. IV fluids
  2. Potassium added to fluids
  3. Colloids- plasma and hetastarch
  4. Banamine, polymixin B
  5. Laminitis prevention- cryotherapy
  6. Parental nutrition
  7. Biosecurity
21
Q

What antibiotics do you want to give with severe neutropenia

A

Broad spectrum

22
Q

What antibiotics do you want to give for clostridal infection

A

Metronidazole

23
Q

What antibiotics do you want to give for Potomac horse fever

A

Tetracycline

24
Q

What could happen if you give tetracycline too fast

A

Pull out Ca2+—> horse can collapse

25
Case example: horse is colicky, quiet, looking at abdomen. T=100.5, P=48, R-16, GI sounds decreased ventrally Rectal: nephrosplenic space is identified, pelvic flexors is enlarged and firmer, fecal contents are soft, fecal and most tight, SI not identified. What is your diagnosis
Pelvic flexure impaction
26
What is your treatment plan for pelvic flexure impaction
Analgesics- banamine Mineral oil, water, electrolytes via NG tube
27
8yr old Mustang gelding presents with acute colic and fever. Prior to this end healthy with great appetite for alfalfa hay. What is most likely etiology of this horses illness
Cantharidin
28
Mini horse with 1 week history of lameness. Owner calls and reports has not improved even after given 1 gram tablet of phenylutazone twice per day just like when her thoroughbred was lame, but mini seems cockily. Which anatomical structure are you concerned about
Right dorsal colon